Abstract. Precise efforts in theoretical astrophysics are needed to fully understand the mechanisms that govern the structure, stability, dynamics, formation, and evolution of differentially rotating stars. Direct computation of the physical attributes of a star can be facilitated by the use of highly compact azimuthal and separation angle Fourier formulations of the Green’s functions for the l...

BACKGROUND Measurements of parameters from electrocardiograms (ECGs) are still largely performed from paper ECG records. Recent guidelines from regulatory agencies and, in particular, the requirement of the Food and Drug Administration to enforce the digital submission of annotated ECGs have triggered significant efforts in the pharmaceutical industry, which, to comply with the new guidelines, ...

Square-related functions such as square, inverse square, square-root and inverse square-root operations are widely used in digital signal processing and digital communication algorithms, and their efficient realizations are commonly required to reduce the hardware complexity. In the implementation point of view, approximate realizations are often desired if they do not degrade performance signi...

This paper is devoted to estimates of the exponential decay of eigenfunctions of difference operators on the lattice Zn which are discrete analogs of the Schrödinger, Dirac and square-root Klein-Gordon operators. Our investigation of the essential spectra and the exponential decay of eigenfunctions of the discrete spectra is based on the calculus of the so-called pseudodifference operators (i.e...

A measure is derived to quantify directed information transfer between pairs of vertices in a weighted network, over paths of a specified maximal length. Our approach employs a general, probabilistic model of network traffic, from which the informational distance between dynamics on two weighted networks can be naturally expressed as a Jensen Shannon divergence. Our network transfer entropy mea...

   Repeated oral administration of mexazolam, an anti-anxiety agent, may cause adverse effects such as gastric disturbance, drowsiness, and ataxia due to transiently high blood levels. Transdermal administration would avoid the systemic side effects and gastric disorders after oral administration. We have developed a matrix using ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), a heat-processible and flexible mat...

This paper establishes converses to the well-known result: for any vector ũ such that the sine of the angle sin θ(u, ũ) = O( ), we have ρ(ũ) def = ũ∗Aũ ũ∗ũ = λ+O( ), where λ is an eigenvalue and u is the corresponding eigenvector of a Hermitian matrix A, and “∗” denotes complex conjugate transpose. It shows that if ρ(ũ) is close to A’s largest eigenvalue, then ũ is close to the corresponding ei...

Quotients, reciprocals, square roots and square root reciprocals all have the property that infinitely precise p-bit rounded results for p-bit input operands can be obtained from approximate results of bounded accuracy. We investigate lower bounds on the number of bits of an approximation accurate to a unit in the last place sufficient to guarantee that correct round and sticky bits can be dete...

ÐThis paper deals with the computation of reciprocals, square roots, inverse square roots, and some elementary functions using small tables, small multipliers, and, for some functions, a final alargeo (almost full-length) multiplication. We propose a method, based on argument reduction and series expansion, that allows fast evaluation of these functions in high precision. The strength of this m...

This paper presents the operation and the implementation of novel fixed point square root algorithms with an input range of 0 to 1 into CMOS. These algorithms are referred to as non-restoring and restoring algorithm and were compared with a square root implementation into a lookup table (LUT). The power consumption, the area consumption and the propagation delay were investigated and the result...