We use this system to motivate a new least-squares functional involving all four fields and show that its minimizer satisfies the differential equations exactly. Discretization of the four-field least-squares functional by spectral spaces compatible with the differential operators leads to a least-squares method in which the differential equations are also satisfied exactly. Moreover, the latte...

We develop and analyze a first-order system least-squares spectral method for the second-order elliptic boundary value problem with variable coefficients. We first analyze the Chebyshev weighted norm least-squares functional defined by the sum of the Lwand H−1 w norm of the residual equations and then we replace the negative norm by the discrete negative norm and analyze the discrete Chebyshev ...

This paper examines the effect of trust on economic development. The key difficulty in estimating a causal effect of trust on economic development, is that it is endogenous to economic development. Therefore, to identify a causal effect from a cultural variable such as trust to economic development, we have to find some exogenous source of variation in trust. This paper estimates the effect of ...