Many studies at the regional scale have found either negative or hump-shaped relationships between productivity and diversity, and some theories propose that these occur because soil resource heterogeneity is either lower or less important in more productive environments. However, there have been few explicit tests of these theories in natural ecosystems. We evaluated the relationship between s...

In digital, computerized analytical measurement raw data signal samples are collected at a given frequency. In two-dimensional analytical methods the analytical information is produced by different algorithms, which can be the integrated peak area, the height of the peak, or the extreme values of the measured signal (for example the retention time in chromatography). The analytical information ...

For a detailed visibility of an image, since only the global enhancement is not sufficient, local contrast enhancement plays a great role. One of the successful locally adaptive image contrast enhancement methods is by using Local Standard Deviation (LSD). The contrast enhancement using LSD is successfully used in many applications like in medical images, real time images, surveillance applicat...

We show that standard deviation σ satisfies the Leibniz inequality σ(fg) ≤ σ(f)‖g‖ + ‖f‖σ(g) for bounded functions f, g on a probability space, where the norm is the supremum norm. A related inequality that we refer to as “strong” is also shown to hold. We show that these in fact hold also for noncommutative probability spaces. We extend this to the case of matricial seminorms on a unital C*-al...

69 ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To report the incidence of anisocoria after unilateral excimer laser photorefractive kera-tectomy (PRK) for myopia and subsequent cortico-steroid therapy in a retrospective and prospective study and to explore possible etiologies. METHODS: The horizontal pupil diameter was determined in 6 patients (6 eyes) at 21.8 ± 12.6 months after unilateral wide-field excimer laser PRK ...

Isocitrate and isopropylmalalte dehydrogenases are homologous enzymes important for the cell metabolism. They oxidize their substrates using NAD or NADP as cofactors. Thus, they have two specificities, towards the substrate and the cofactor, appearing in three combinations. Although many three-dimensional (3D) structures are resolved, identification of amino acids determining these specificitie...