The traditional TCP congestion control scheme often yields limited performance due to its conservative Slow Start algorithm, which can require many round-trip times to reach an appropriate sending rate that well utilizes the available capacity. A number of techniques in the literature address this issue, but we offer a different approach that is simple yet blunt: allow TCPs to begin transmissio...

An analytical model for the initial growth period of the planar Richtmyer–Meshkov instability is presented for the case of a reflected shock, which corresponds in general to light-to-heavy interactions. The model captures the main features of the interfacial perturbation growth before the regime with linear growth in time is attained. The analysis provides a characteristic time scale for the st...

How much to spend is a key managerial decision for entrepreneurs. Arguments favoring lean startups rely on the burden of rapid growth, reduced monitoring costs or the inefficient use of cash. Arguments favoring high “burn rates” rely on the early creation of economies of scale and complementary assets; and the motivation benefits of efficiency wages and experimentation. We argue that survival b...

Some molecular methods for tracking fecal pollution in environmental waters have both PCR and quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays available for use. To assist managers in deciding whether to implement newer qPCR techniques in routine monitoring programs, we compared detection limits (LODs) and costs of PCR and qPCR assays with identical targets that are relevant to beach water quality assessment. Fo...

As the startup Low-Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) project is undergoing commissioning aimed at transporting a 35-mA Hbeam, a new LEBT layout has been developed that is designed to transport a beam current of 65 mA, consistent with the revised nominal SNS beampower goal of 2 MW. The SNS LEBT employs two electrostatic einzel lenses and provides static beam st...

The rendezvous problem in graphs has been extensively studied in the literature, mainly using a randomized approach. Two mobile agents have to meet at some node of a connected graph. We study deterministic algorithms for this problem, assuming that agents have distinct identifiers and are located in nodes of an unknown anonymous connected graph. Startup times of the agents are arbitrarily decid...

Plasma startup and operating issues are examined for a burning plasma using WHIST [1] simulations of the Fusion Ignition Research Experiment (FIRE) design [2]. Fueling and density profile control issues are illustrated through pellet launch from the inboard side of the plasma. Auxiliary fast wave ion cyclotron heating and current drive are used to identify plasma startup and burn control issues...

BACKGROUND Optimal parameters for machine perfusion preservation of hearts prior to transplantation have not been determined. We sought to define regional myocardial perfusion characteristics of a machine perfusion device over a range of conditions in a large animal model. METHODS Dog hearts were connected to a perfusion device (LifeCradle, Organ Transport Systems, Inc, Frisco, TX) and cold p...

IaaS clouds promise instantaneously available resources to elastic applications. In practice, however, virtual machine (VM) startup times are in the order of several minutes, or at best, several tens of seconds, negatively impacting the elasticity of applications like Web servers that need to scale out to handle dynamically increasing load. VM startup time is strongly influenced by booting the ...

In this paper we develop parallel A* algorithms suitable for distributed-memory machines. In parallel A* algorithms , ineeciencies grow with the number of processors P used, causing performance to drop signiicantly at lower and intermediate work densities (the ratio of the problem size to P). To alleviate this eeect, we propose a novel parallel startup phase and eecient dynamic work distributio...