Due to the importance of energy consumption in a steam network of oil refinery as a significant unit, present study is concerned with the optimization of an oil refinery steam network. Here, the attempt was made to use concepts such as first and second thermodynamic laws, thermo-economic, environmental and economic discussions to investigate three different scenarios about Tehran refinery steam...

combined cycle performance can be improved by improving the performance of gas turbine based topping cycle. amongst various options the effective cooling of gas turbine blade for realizing the higher turbine inlet temperatures is one of the attractive options. the present paper deals with the thermodynam-ic analysis of advanced technology gas/steam combined cycle based power plant having closed...

The present work examines the distribution of spray water in the superheating section for steam temperature control in a once-through circulating fluidized bed (OTU-CFB) boiler. Combustion power generation has become challenging due to increasingly fast load change demands. There is also a constant need to improve power plant efficiency, which leads to extreme operating conditions and complicat...

Energy saving is very important for economical and cost effective operation of the facility. In boilers, steam is produced for various process, utility and instrumental applications. It is very important to operate the boiler with proper operating conditions. The parameters like level of feed water, steam temperature and flow of steam need to be optimized. Various studies are carried out on opt...

Poor control of steam generator water level is the main cause of unexpected shutdowns in nuclear power plants. Such shutdowns are caused by violation of safety limits on the water level and are common at low operating power where the plant exhibits strong nonminimum phase characteristics. In addition, the steam generator is a highly complex, nonlinear and time-varying system and its parameters ...

Steam under subatmospheric pressure at temperatures below 90 degrees C. rapidly killed nonsporing organisms after air had been removed by a high-vacuum pump. Most bacterial spores were killed but small proportions of the populations were very resistant. The destruction of spores was not logarithmic. The addition of formaldehyde vapour to the steam greatly increased its sterilizing power, with d...

designed in [2] for unobstructed Glu and Gln detection with chosen (TE, TM) regions in white boxes for phantom experiments. Fig. 2. In vitro STEAM spectra of Glu and Gln acquired at (72ms, 06 ms) and (84 ms, 58 ms) at 3T and multiplied with a filter to render them representative of typical in vivo line widths. Fig. 3. In vivo STEAM spectra acquired from a voxel including the ACC of a healthy vo...

eryngium caucasicum trautv. (apiaceae) is a perennial herbaceous plant with about one meter height, an endemic species that has been distributed in the northern parts of iran. the plant leaves are normally used in medicine and food industries in iran.the plant has several medicinal properties including enforcing generative power, diuretic, lenitive and appetizer. in this research differents par...

Under the constraints of high temperature and heterogeneity, the common profile control agent can not effectively plug the steam channeling. To address this issue, it is necessary to develop the high temperature resistance steam channeling plugging agent to improve the steam suction profile in the heavy oil reservoir. This paper used Simple Variable Method to optimize the content of the compone...

Growing grassland biomass in an extensive way and its subsequent transformation into hay for a further utilization in a biogas-based biorefinery concept could be a solution to increase incomes and maintain the grassland area. In this way, gassland can be promising biomass sources for decentralized energy generation. Efficient biogas production from this lignocellulosic biomass requires a pretre...