Abstract: During the last decade, the demand for natural gas has steadily increased for the prevention of environmental pollution. For this reason, many liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers have been manufactured. Since one of the most important issues in the design of LNG carriers is to guarantee structural safety, the use of low-temperature materials is increasing. Among commonly employed low...

It is very important to design a safe factor or estimating the remain lifetime for electric power plant components of steam pipes which mostly manufacture by high chromium steels and work at high temperature and low stress level. The author will develop the mechanisms based on creep damage constitutive equations for high chromium steel under lows stress in initial stage: (1) Creep cavities most...

Following on from the work of Luc Steels, this paper presents a model of Concept Formation and the subsequent use of Language Games to share those concepts in a society of artificial agents. The system is naturally driven towards stability due to two important mechanisms. In the Concept Formation stage, Simple Competitive Learning results in the formation of normative categories due to the iden...

If one of the surfaces which are in touch is rough and hard, it chips the other surface due to relative motion or touching forces. The wear is called two-body abrasive wear. If there are free abrasive particles between the two bodies, the wear is called three-body abrasive wear. The free abrasive particles may be external material dust or the remains of chipping. Usually, the wear starts as a t...

This paper describes research concerned with designing an architecture for an autonomous agent with human-like capabilities. This research follows on from the PhD work of Luc Beaudoin and considers a number of the implementational issues. The work is framed in terms of a user coming to terms with the use of the Birmingham SIM AGENT toolkit, and research issues related to the development of broa...

Recent Bauschinger-type tests conducted on a twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel highlights the important contribution of internal stresses to work hardening [1]. Along this line we present Bauschinger experiments in a Fe-22Mn wt.%-0.6C wt.% TWIP steel. The mechanical behaviour upon load reversal shows transient and permanent softening effects. Determination of the internal stress from the...

Highly alloyed austenitic stainless steels are promising candidates to replace more expensive nickel-based alloys within the energy-producing industry. The present study investigates the deformation mechanisms by microstructural characterization, mechanical properties and stress–strain response of three commercial austenitic stainless steels and two commercial nickel-based alloys using uniaxial...

A need t o find a suitable replacement for cadmium electroplated coatings on mediumto highstrength steels has accelerated the development of economically viable alternatives. This edited version of a presentation at the 30th annual AerospaceIAirline Plating & Metal Finishing Forum examines the development of Australia's Defence Science and Technology Organisation's (DSTO) zinc-nickel electropla...

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. A well-functioning public expenditure management (PEM) system...

A transient finite-element model (CON2D) is applied to compute temperature, stress, and distortion of the steel shell during initial solidification. The model incorporates temperaturedependent properties, thermal shrinkage, phase transformations, and different elastic-viscoplastic constitutive equations for each phase (liquid, d, and c). The effects of sudden metal level fluctuations are simula...