aortic valve replacement (AVR) is considered a class I indication in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) if the stenosis is severe and the patient has symptoms or left ventricular ejection fraction <50%. Hence, accurate assessment of the hemodynamic severity of the valvular stenosis is crucial for clinical decision making. The stenosis severity is generally determined by measuring the transvalvu...

Even though most vertebral artery anomalies are asymptomatic, but the normally arising from superoposterior surface of its ipsilateral subclavian artery, plays a vital role, via Subclavian Steal Syndrome to help in vascularization upper limb anatomical structures. The case left with proximal origin stenosis 72 year -old female cadaver is reported and pathophysiological consequences an hypothesi...

Purpose: To assess the relationship between the severity of coronary arteries involvement and the extent and pattern of myocardial scars in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance of patients with history of remote myocardial infarction. Materials and Methods: The Cardiac Magnetic Resonance images of sixty patients with history of remote ST segment or non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction were ...

Background: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) has recently been recommended as an alternative to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) by some clinicians. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the success rate and in-hospital and 30-day adverse events in our first experiences in Iran for CAS with protection devices, to document our results and guide further use of CAS. Methods: From December 2...

Hypertension not only can modify the exploratory findings of aortic stenosis, but may also interfere with the assessment of severity, and even have an impact on patient outcome.

The pathogenesis of arterial stenosis or occlusion may be secondary to a wide spectrum of etiologic factors including atherosclerosis, thrombosis, embolic events of various etiology, fibromuscular dysplasia, vasculitidies, dissection, trauma, external compression, and vasospastic syndromes. Atherosclerosis is by far the most common cause of arterial stenosis. Atheromatic plaques have been ident...

Q uantifying severity of coronary artery stenosis is becoming increasingly important for many reasons, including evaluation of interventions such as cholesterol control, stress management, pharmacological agents, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, thrombolysis, and bypass surgery; clinical decisions on medical versus mechanical treatment of coronary artery stenoses; judgment of ade...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We sought to determine the vascular risk factors and demographic features associated with the severity and location of intracranial stenosis. METHODS Data on patients enrolled in the Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease (WASID) trial were used for the analyses. Demographic features and vascular risk factors were compared in patients with moderate stenosis (...

Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography was performed prospectively in 100 patients with aortic stenosis who were undergoing clinically indicated cardiac catheterization. The purpose of this study procedure was to determine various Doppler variables predictive of the severity of aortic stenosis and to compare Doppler- and catheterization-derived aortic valve areas. Doppler-derived mean gra...

BACKGROUND Functional/physiological evaluation of coronary artery stenoses may be more important than anatomical measurements of severity. Optimization of thresholds for stenosis intervention and treatment endpoints depend on coupling functional hemodynamic and anatomical data. We sought to develop a single prognostic parameter correlating stenosis-specific anatomy, pressure gradient, and veloc...