Leaching reactions in hydrochloric acid of several cathodic materials used lithium-ion batteries were investigated between 25 °C and 82 °C. The dissolution rate increased as follows: NMC811 (LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2) > NMC622 (LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2) NMC532 (LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2) NMC111 (LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2). lithium is faster than that for nickel, cobalt manganese. Data analysis demonstrated NMC always...

sucrose is applied as an efficient catalyst for the three-component reaction consisting of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile and resorcinol in a mixture of water and ethanol media as green solvents. the advantages of this method are excellent yeild, inexpensive catalyst and more environmentally friendly. mechanistic insight into the synthesis of 2-amino-4h-chromene included spectral kinetics ap...

The crystallization kinetics of colloidal hard spheres was studied using a special Bragg spectrometer with high sensitivity. In contrast with the classical scenario we observe a two-step nucleation process: the number of crystallites increases slowly at early times, followed by a dramatic reduction at intermediate times, prior to undergoing a rapid increase at late times. We explain these resul...

The kinetics of monoatomic steps in diffusion-controlled crystal growth and evaporation processes are investigated analytically using a Green’s function approach. Integro-differential equations of motion for the steps are derived; and a systematic linear stability analysis is carried out treating simultaneously perturbations both along and perpendicular to the steps. Morphological fluctuations ...

The thickness uniformity and the spatial distribution of lattice relaxation in thin (,8 nm) CaF 2/Si(111) films, observed with photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, are seen to depend strongly on the initial nucleation kinetics. We develop a general model for heteroepitaxial growth that explains both these and literature results. Terrace or step nucleation leads to la...

The persistence behavior for fluctuating steps on the Si(111)-(sqrt[3]xsqrt[3])R30 degrees -Al surface was determined by analyzing time-dependent STM images for temperatures between 770 and 970 K. Using the standard persistence definition, the measured persistence probability displays power-law decay with an exponent of theta=0.77+/-0.03. This is consistent with the value of theta=3/4 predicted...

We further study the incidence relations that arise from the various subtowers, known as Baby Monsters, which exist within the R-Monster Tower. This allows us to complete the RV T class spelling rules. We also present a method of calculating the various Baby Monsters that appear within the Monster Tower. MSC Primary: 58A30 Secondary: 58A17, 58K50.

SN 2002kg is a type IIn supernova, detected in October 2002 in the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 2403. We show that the position of SN 2002kg agrees within the errors with the position of the LBV V37. Ground based and HST ACS images however show that V37 is still present after the SN 2002kg event. We compiled a lightcurve of V37 which underlines the variablity of the object, and shows that SN 2002kg...