We present, by means of a simple example, a comprehensive step-by-step procedure to consistently derive a pH model of aquatic systems. As pH modelling is inherently complex, we make every step of the model generation process explicit, thus ensuring conceptual, mathematical, and chemical correctness. Summed quantities, such as total inorganic carbon and total alkalinity, and the influences of mo...

PRINCIPLES Optimal management of perforated appendicitis with perityphlitic phlegmon or abscess formation is controversial. The aim of the study was to assess the outcome after a two-step procedure to treat patients with perityphlitic abscess formation. METHODS We retrospectively assessed prospectively collected data from a single-centre database that included adult patients who had appendici...

brovascular occlusive disease, or from peripheral arterial occlusive disease. As shown in Table 1, there were distinctly higher homocysteine concentrations for seropositive subjects in subgroups of age, renal function, smoking status, and MTHFR gene mutations. These variables influencing serum homocysteine, as well as vitamin B 6 , vitamin B 12 , and folic acid, are moreover homogeneously (not ...

This paper considers p-value based step-wise rejection procedures for testing multiple hypotheses. The existing procedures have used constants as critical values at all steps. With the intention of incorporating the exact magnitude of the p-values at the earlier steps into the decisions at the later steps, this paper applies a different strategy that the critical values at the later steps are d...

Ribonucleases are considered as promising tools for anticancer treatment due to their selective cytotoxicity against tumor cells. We investigated a new RNase from Bacillus altitudinis termed BALNASE (B. altitudinis RNase). Balnase is a close homolog of the well-known cytotoxic binase, differing by only one amino acid residue: nonpolar hydrophobic alanine at position 106 in the balnase molecule ...

This study deals with modeling of production risk by means of a two-step procedure. In contrast to earlier studies of production risk, we do not immediately adopt restrictive functional forms for the risky production technology. We first test for the presence of production risk. If production risk is found to be present, the mean and risk functions are estimated separately. This allows the use ...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Bowel lengthening may be beneficial for children with short bowel syndrome. However, current techniques require at least one intestinal anastomosis and place the mesenteric blood supply at risk. This study seeks to establish the technical principles of a new, simple, and potentially safer bowel lengthening procedure. METHODS Young pigs (n = 6) underwent interposition of a r...

In a Step-down procedure, apart from an hierarchy of the component hypotheses (leading to the steps), one also needs to settle on, their individual levels of significnace (constrained on the overall one). The Fisher method of combining independent tests is extended to the step-down procedure and its Bahadur-efficiency and (asymptotic) optimality results are considered.