The electrochemical behavior of chloral hydrate in aqueous solutions at various pH values was investigated by using polarography. Reduction takes place two steps: one appears as a small limiting current value that corresponds to the reduction unhydrated form, present less than 3%, and another larger more negative potentials corresponding C-Cl bonds hydrated form. schemes for both forms an oxida...

We have used palaeomagnetic methods to constrain an age model for the 624.15 m succession of Oligocene-Miocene glaciomarine sediments recovered from the CRP-2/2A drillcore, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Identification of characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) directions on vector component plots demonstrates that secondary overprints have been successfully removed by stepwise alternating fie...

Superposition is a program modularization and structuring method for develo ping parallel and distributed systems by adding new functionality to an algorithm while the original computation is preserved We use action systems as a forma lism for the construction of distributed systems in a stepwise manner within the re nement calculus The superposition method has been formalized as a program re n...

The desire to measure low metal concentrations in natural waters stems principally from the aim to understand the effects of trace metals on aquatic biota and to understand the fate of metal pollutants. Trace metals rarely exist in the free ion form, with distribution of the different species being dependent upon pH, Eh, and the types of organic/inorganic ligands and colloidal surfaces. Use of ...

The present paper deals with multistage dynamics [1], [2] of international environmental agreements (IEAs) and, in particular, with problem of IEA time-consistency, e.g. [3]. Let N be a set of players (countries of the world), each of which emits pollutant that damages a shared environment resource, and set S, S ⊆ N (S 6= ∅) be a coalition of players, which intend jointly to reduce emission. We...