Previous research has shown sketching to be useful to students solving math problems. The present study examines which aspects of middle school students’ sketching are related to, or predict, successfully answering math problems. The effects of individual differences in cognitive factors – working memory, spatial ability, and prior math knowledge – on answer accuracy are also analyzed. Stepwise...

The foundations of the eld of behavioral speci cation have matured. So, case studies are the important current topics of this eld. In our previous work, we built the behavioral speci cation of the Automated Teller Machine (ATM) system by using object composition and observable projection operators. From this experience, we noticed that this approach had the following problems: there was no good...

This paper presents how communication exploration can be done in a design process of distributed embedded systems. Distributed embedded systems involve various communication categories such as event-triggered and time-triggered communication. Therefore, communication exploration is as important as architecture exploration. A design process begins from abstract specification without assuming any...

This study presents a conceptual model that combines perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, innovativeness, trust, demographic characteristics and relationship drivers in order to examine their influence on the mobile services’ adoption intention. The proposed model is empirically tested using data collected from a survey with questionnaires conducted in Greece. The results are analyzed t...

This paper presents a comtmtational model of incremental utterance production in task-oriented dialogues. This model incrementally produces utterantes to propose the solution of a given problem, while simultaneously solving the problem in a stepwise manner. Even when the solution has been partially determined, this model starts utterances to satisfy time constraints where pauses in mid-utteranc...

The Partial Credit Model (PCM) is sometimes interpreted as a model for stepwise solution of polytomously scored items, where the item parameters are interpreted as difficulties of the steps. It is argued that this interpretation is not justified. A model for stepwise solution is discussed. It is shown that the PCM is suited to model sums of binary responses which are not supposed to be stochast...

We illustrate in this paper a compositional and stepwise method for designing programs that o er a potentially unique tolerance to each of their fault-classes. More speci cally, our illustration is a design of a repetitive agreement program that o ers two tolerances: (a) it masks the e ects of Byzantine failures and (b) it is stabilizing in the presence of transient and Byzantine failures.

It is common in econometric applications that several hypothesis tests are carried out at the same time. The problem then becomes how to decide which hypotheses to reject, accounting for the multitude of tests. This paper suggests a stepwise multiple testing procedure which asymptotically controls the familywise error rate at a desired level. Compared to related singlestep methods, the procedur...

Abstract: This paper investigates the problem of global finite-time stabilization by state feedback for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with low-order nonlinearities, to which the existing control methods are inapplicable. By skillfully adopting the method of adding a power integrator and constructing twice continuous differential Lyapunov functions, a stepwise constructive continuous s...

We consider approximations of a smooth convex body by inscribed and circumscribed convex polytopes as the number of vertices, resp. facets tends to innnity. The measure of deviation used is the diierence of the mean width of the convex body and the approximating polytopes. The following results are obtained. (i) An asymptotic formula for best approximation. (ii) Upper and lower estimates for st...