Abstract Graphic visual health warnings (GHWs) on cigarette packaging are used in more than 120 countries globally. Because there concerns about the effectiveness of using same over many years due to wearout, a primary issue is how identify most effective stimuli. Adolescent smokers and nonsmokers provided 2000 ratings different warnings. Cluster analysis follow‐up analyses high‐performing stim...

objective: it has been recognized that sleep has an important effect on emotion processing. the aim ‎of this study was to investigate the effect of previous night sleep duration on autonomic ‎responses to musical stimuli in different emotional contexts.‎ method: a frequency based measure of gsr, pr and ecg signals were examined in 35 healthy ‎students in three groups of oversleeping, lack of sl...

aim and background: the behavioral inhibition system (bis) and the behavioral activation system (bas) are considered as factors to verify the effects of personality significance on cortical activity. the present study explored the effects of the bis and bas on frontal asymmetry in response to affect stimuli. methods and materials: this study included 36 individuals (18 with high bas sensitivity...

Introduction The development of algorithms for the detection and evaluation swallowing processes using a combined EMG bioimpedance signal (RehaIngest ©, Hasomed, Magdeburg) makes it possible to change process sensory stimuli. As part pilot study, influence visual or electrical stimuli on floor mouth effect combination both were analyzed in healthy subjects.

Cells are active components in their environment and constantly adjusting their performance to improve extracellular milieu changing. This approach is reflected their tends of maintaining intracellular homeostasis. When the cells encounter stress or pathologic stimuli, they can undergo a new manner (adaptation) and new steady state for achieving viability and function. If the external stress is...

Background: Based on the studies which have investigated conscious and unconscious processes, simple arithmetic operations such as addition and multiplication can be automatically processed in the brain and affect subsequent responses. However, most studies have focused on addition and multiplication of one-digit numbers. In this research we used subliminal priming paradigm to assess automatic ...

Overt exploration or sampling behaviors, such as whisking, sniffing, and saccadic eye movements, are often characterized by a rhythm. In addition, the electrophysiologically recorded theta or alpha phase predicts global detection performance. These two observations raise the intriguing possibility that covert selective attention samples from multiple stimuli rhythmically. To investigate this po...

In llic e\|X-riinenlal selting where |)ain or disccjinfort is elicited, it is imperative that the different types of stimuli used (i.e., chemical, mechanical, ihcrmal, and electrical) be r|uantified a n d olher important (actors be considered: (1) reproducibility of the stimulus, which depends upon its ability to be comjjletcly characterized and exactly measured; and (2) eontrol oi potential mo...

Previous work reported in this journal suggested that the cognitive capacities of high dissociators are impaired under conditions of focused (selective) attention, but not under conditions of divided attention, compared with the cognitive capacities of low dissociators. Using a directed-forgetting paradigm, the current study demonstrated that under divided-attention demands, high dissociators h...

This study compared the intent to help in response nonverbal and verbal stimuli that described people need of clarify conditions generality effects promote help. Participants were randomly assigned a help-imagining group, no-help imagining or control group. In Study 1, participants evaluated stimuli. 2, they visual as illustrations developed for this study. The results both studies indicated gr...