Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a method with high sensitivity and convenience that has been extensively used to analyze the expression level of target genes. A reference gene highly stable required ensure accuracy experimental results. However, report on appropriate genes in arrowheads (Sagittaria trifolia) still limited. In this study, eight candidate (ACT5, UBQ, GAPDH, CYP, NAC, IDH,...

The population ecology of clonal plants depends on the number and distribution of ramets formed during growth. Variation in clonal reproduction has previously been explained by variation in effects of abiotic resource heterogeneity and by plant genotypic variation. Different co-occurring species of the mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been shown to differentially alter growth...

The marine benthic green macroalga Caulerpa taxifolia is an invasive seaweed found in Europe, America, and Australia, it forms into huge algal meadows on shallow seafloors with its stolon rhizoid systems. It has bloomed along the coast of South China Sea, causing serious environmental problems. However, ecological impact not been well studied. Therefore, this study investigated changes concentr...

Gravisensitivity of mosses at different stages their ontogenesis has an adaptive value and contributes to the functional activity gametophyte its stability under extreme conditions in microhabitats. The aim our research was determine participation gravimorphoses plasticity depending on thermal habitats UV radiation effect. objects study were sterile cultures following moss protonemata: Weissia ...

on the circular curve, lateral acceleration affects comfort. on the spiral, both lateral acceleration and jerk affect comfort.  the determination of maximum curving speed on the basis of lateral acceleration only is not critical because the lateral acceleration is proportional to the square of speed whereas jerk is proportional to cubic power of speed. the maximum speed on a curve is thus signi...

present study describes the length-weight (lwr) and length-length (llr) relationships of a freshwater catfish eutropiichthyes vacha hamilton from indus river, sindh, pakistan. a total of 281 specimen of e. vacha were collected from fisherman?s catch from february 2005 to january 2006, are used for this study. the parameters a and b of the length-weight relationship were calculated as w= alb are...