Conventional asphalt binder derived from the petroleum refining process is widely used in pavement engineering. However, asphalt binder is a non-renewable material. Therefore, the use of a co-production of renewable bio-oil as a modifier for petroleum asphalt has recently been getting more attention in the pavement field due to its renewability and its optimization for conventional petroleum-ba...

Adhesion between asphalt and aggregate plays an important role in the performance of asphalt mixtures. A low-frequency adhesion fatigue test was proposed in this paper to study the effect of environment on the asphalt-aggregate adhesion system. The stress-based fatigue model had been utilized to describe the fatigue behavior of thin-film asphalt and aggregate system. The factors influencing the...

Asphalt pavements undergo long-term aging due to oxidation of the asphalt binder. As a pavement oxidizes, it stiffens and eventually cracks. The use of an antioxidant in an asphalt binder could retard aging, thus increasing the pavement’s service life. Lignin is a known antioxidant and is highly available from timber and many agricultural products. A wet-mill ethanol process produces several co...

For gyratory compaction, the concept of locking point was initially developed to identify compactability asphalt mixes and alleviate potential aggregate crushing in mold. Most previous studies on were based specimens’ height change. Recent have indicated that cold mix mixtures could be determined by rotation angle range indicator using SmartRock. However, or change ultimately reflects a volume....

Mini-slab electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel can be used to detect protein in unconcentrated urines containing more than 100 mg of protein per liter. Several urinary proteins--including albumin, transferrin, and the Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein--precipitate, partly or totally, if urine samples are stored at 4 degrees C for one or two days. The present procedure permits id...

An organic matrix is universally present in mammalian bone, teeth, salivary, biliary, and uri-nary calculi. Such matrices invariably contain both protein and carbohydrate and appear by gross analyses to be mucosubstances. The interrelations of organic matrix and crystals of urinary calculi suggest that stone building is a process of crystal growth upon the molecular surfaces and within the inte...