The complex nature of the petrochemical industries necessitates an efficient decision on a large number of factors so as to optimally operate a plant. Production planning is an integral part of the petrochemical industry and requires the optimal selection of processes, production levels and products to maximize its profit. Previously an MILP formulation has been proposed for guiding the petroch...

Development of an appropriate dissolution method for quality control purposes requires consideration of many factors and a balance of different needs. The method is typically distinctive to each drug product because of the unique characteristics of the active ingredient, the formulation, and the manufacturing process. The method development and selection process remains subjective due to the po...

Decision tasks often require the extraction of information from displays of quantitative data. This paper investigates how people extract information from any one of several common displays by analysing the match between display, decision task and data. We posit two kinds of activity: first, the formulation of an appropriate extraction strategy and second, the execution of that strategy. We the...

changes in credit risk may arise when either the value or the risk of corporate assets changes. changes in the equity value associated with the changes in the asset value and changes in asset risk can be characterized into potentially countervailing direct and indirect effects. the indirect effect of risk on equity value is a function of factors that affect the debt value of including leverage,...

by minimizing the total potential energy function and deploying the virtual work principle, a higher-order stiffness matrix is achieved. this new tangent stiffness matrix is used to solve the frame with geometric nonlinear behavior. since authors’ formulation takes into account the higher-order terms of the strain vector, the convergence speed of the solution process will increase. in fact, bot...

The increasing concern of global climate changes, the promotion of renewable energy sources, primarily wind generation, is a welcome move to reduce the pollutant emissions from conventional power plants. Integration of wind power generation with the existing power network is an emerging research field. This paper presents a meta-heuristic algorithm based approach to determine the feasible dispa...

Competitive strategy scholars seek to answer three important questions: (a) what constitutes an effective strategy and how is it crafted, (b) how are strategies implemented in an organization, and (c) how can a strategy’s effectiveness be evaluated? Three corresponding themes, namely, strategy formulation, execution or implementation, and evaluation or control, permeate the competitive strategy...

Query formulation in the context of large conceptual schemata is known to be a hard problem. When formulating ad-hoc queries users may become overwhelmed by the vast amount of information that is stored in the information system; leading to a feeling of lost in conceptual space. In this article we develop a strategy to cope with this problem. This strategy is based on ideas from the information...

We present an a priori analysis of the hp-version of the finite element method for the primal formulation of frictional contact in linear elasticity. We introduce a new limiting case estimate for the interpolation error at Gauss and Gauss-Lobatto quadrature points. An hp-adaptive strategy is presented; numerical results shows that this strategy can lead to exponential convergence.