In the vasculature, physiological levels of nitric oxide (NO) protect against various stressors, including mechanical stretch. While endothelial NO production in response to various stimuli has been studied extensively, the precise mechanism underlying stretch-induced NO production in venous endothelial cells remains incompletely understood. Using a model of continuous cellular stretch, we foun...

The construction of bounded-degree plane geometric spanners has been a focus interest since 2002 when Bose, Gudmundsson, and Smid proposed the first algorithm to construct such spanners. To date, 11 algorithms have designed with various tradeoffs in degree stretch-factor. We implemented these sophisticated spanner C ++ using CGAL library experimented them large synthetic real-world pointsets. O...

In a geometric graph, G, the stretch factor between two vertices, u and w, is the ratio between the Euclidean length of the shortest path from u to w in G and the Euclidean distance between u and w. The average stretch factor of G is the average stretch factor taken over all pairs of vertices in G. We show that for any set, V , of n points in Rd , there exists a geometric graph with vertex set ...

Small insects drive their flight muscle at frequencies up to 1,000 Hz. This remarkable ability owes to the mechanism of stretch activation. However, it remains unknown as to what sarcomeric component senses the stretch and triggers the following force generation. Here we show that the earliest structural change after a step stretch is reflected in the blinking of the 111 and 201 reflections, as...

Extinction limits and flame bifurcation of lean premixed dimethyl ether-air flames are investigated numerically using the counterflow flame with a reduced chemistry. Emphasis is paid to the combined effect of radiation and flame stretch on the extinction and flammability limits. A method based on the reaction front is presented to predict the Markstein length. The predicted positive Markstein l...

This report concerns a test of the hypothesis that gain in the stretch reflex pathway of cat medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle during locomotion increases after denervation of its synergists, lateral gastrocnemius (LG), soleus (SOL) and plantaris (PL) muscles. In four cats, MG, tibialis anterior (TA) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles were implanted with electromyogram (EMG) electrodes. The cats ...

The pulsatile nature of blood flow exposes vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the vessel wall to mechanical stress, in the form of circumferential and longitudinal stretch. Cyclic stretch evokes VSMC proliferation, apoptosis, phenotypic switching, migration, alignment, and vascular remodeling. Given that these responses have been observed in many cardiovascular diseases, a defined understa...

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are exposed to hormonal and mechanical stress in vivo. Hormonal factors have been shown to affect hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha). How mechanical stress affects the regulation of HIF-1alpha in VSMCs has not been reported previously, and therefore we sought to investigate the regulation of HIF-1alpha by cyclical mechanical stretch in cultured rat...