This work presents a structural investigation of lithium borate (LBO) thin film. Firstly, 100 nm SiO2 was grown on top of n–type Si substrate by dry oxidation. Secondly, LBO gel was prepared by sol–gel method. After it, thin film of LBO was deposited on functionally graded SiO2/Si stack by spin coating, and then Raman and infrared spectra were studied for different thickness of the LBO film. Go...

Problems like the directed feedback vertex set problem have much better algorithms in tournaments when compared to general graphs. This motivates us to study a natural generalization of tournaments, named c-tournaments, and see if the structural properties of these graphs are helpful in obtaining similar algorithms. c-tournaments are simple digraphs which have directed paths of length at most c...

A theoretical study of poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, which exhibits piezoelectricity effect, is presented. By Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, some of the properties of this material have been obtained. Among those properties, hardness, capacitance, dipolar moment and energy associated to the structural changes. The B3LYP functional and 6311+G(d,p) bases set were used with a Gau...

In the present study, an interaction relationship has been developed by following a design matrix consisting of few combinations tool rotational speed, traverse and pin configurations to understand evolution structural mechanical properties friction stir welded (FSW) Al-Mg alloy. The alloy was characterized in terms microstructure analysis different zones weld using optical scanning electron mi...

It is also useful in revealing the presence of impurities and structural disorder in materials, studying stress distributions, and temperature effects. Integration of Raman spectroscopy with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) opens a wide range of new capabilities in imaging and characterizing pharmaceutical products. For example, AFM topographic imaging provides information on the size of grains, t...

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A pseudopotential generation method is presented which significantly improves transferability. The method exploits flexibility contained in the separable Kleinman-Bylander form of the nonlocal pseudopotential @Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 1425 ~1982!#. By adjusting the functional form of the local potential, we are able to improve the agreement with all-electron calculations. Results are presented for ...

In this study, bulk ultrafine-grained and micro-crystalline cobalt was prepared using a combination of high-energy ball milling and subsequent spark plasma sintering. The average grain sizes of the ultrafine-grained and micro-crystalline materials were 200 nm and 1 μm, respectively. Mechanical properties such as the compressive yield strength, the ultimate compressive strength, the maximum comp...

We provide counter–examples to Mulmuley’s strong saturation conjecture (strong SH) for the Kronecker coefficients. This conjecture was proposed in the setting of Geometric Complexity Theory to show that deciding whether or not a Kronecker coefficient is zero can be done in polynomial time. We also provide a short proof of the #P–hardness of computing the Kronecker coefficients. Both results rel...

Human enamel development of the permanent teeth takes place during childhood and stresses encountered during this period can have lasting effects on the appearance and structural integrity of the enamel. One of the most common examples of this is the development of dental fluorosis after childhood exposure to excess fluoride, an elemental agent used to increase enamel hardness and prevent denta...