Neuromodulators are signaling molecules that induce long-lasting or network-wide changes in electrical activity, canonically through metabotropic G-coupled protein receptors. In contrast to classical neurotransmission, which directly opens ion channels, neuromodulators can act either synaptically or extra-synaptically (e.g., hormonal pathways) to modify neuronal activity. Because neuromodulator...

BACKGROUND Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy with increasing incidence worldwide. The tumor invades surrounding tissues in an irregular pattern via subclinical and microscopic finger-like growths known as subclinical extension. Subclinical extension may be responsible for incomplete resection of the tumor. This study investigates the subclinical extension of BCC. METHOD...

Abstract For the treatment of certain cardiac disorders sometimes electrical currents are used as therapy, as it happens when fibrillation. This phenomenon manifest itself with chaotic and accelerated heart rhythm, preventing the pumping of blood to the rest the organism. In considering this type of heart disease, introduce mathematical models to analyze the dynamics and behavior of these disch...

Evoked potentials are electrical activities that occur in the neural pathways and structures as a response to various external stimulations induced by light, sound, electric, smell, or taste. Evoked potentials are polyphasic waves that oftenly present with an amplitude between 0.120 μA which are formed within 2-500 ms. The source of these activities is probably the summation of the action poten...

In this paper a new approach is proposed for the use of 3D-snakes in the evaluation of variations in the length of artificially generated electrical arcs. This active contour is geometrically represented by a B-spline and evolves in 3D space constrained by internal and external forces, it happens in an energy minimization procedure (“internal energy” and “external energy” is used in a sense rel...

Delayed discharges due to electrical breakdown are observed in modulated pulsed pow er magnetron sputtering (MPPMS) plasma of titanium. The delayed discharge, which is remarkable with decreasing argon gas pressure, transforms the discharge current waveform from a standard comb-like consisting several pulses high power. In addition, delay times, statistical times and formative MPPMS discharges, ...

By using a single compartment biophysical model of a fast spiking interneuron the synchronization properties of a pair of cells, coupled by electrical and inhibitory synapses, are investigated. The inhibitory and excitatory synaptic couplings are modeled in order to reproduce the experimental time course of the corresponding currents. It is shown that increasing the conductance value of the ele...

Visual prostheses such as subretinal implants are intended for electrical multisite excitation of the retinal network. To investigate relevant issues like spatial resolution and operational range, we have developed an in vitro method using microelectrode arrays to stimulate isolated retinae. Ganglion cell activity in the chicken retina evoked by distally applied spatial voltage patterns consist...

This paper focuses on the inception of partial discharges within insulation system electrical actuators used for More Electrical Aircraft (MEA). Since these machines should operate in absence Partial Discharges (PDs), dependence PD Inception Voltage (PDIV) voltage impulses typical wide bandgap (SiC) devices is investigated at both 1 bar, reduced pressures close to those aircraft cruising altitu...

Electrographic status epilepticus (ESE) is a medical emergency consisting of repetitive seizures and may result in death or severe brain damage. Epilepsy can develop following ESE. The properties of ESE (e.g., duration and intensity) are variable, as are the effects of putative therapeutic treatments. Therefore a straightforward method to quantify different components of ESE would be beneficial...