Objective: To investigate whether postural stability and adaptation differed after a normal night of sleep, after 24 h (24 SDep) and 36 h (36 SDep) of sleep deprivation while subjected to repeated balance perturbations. Also, to determine whether there was any correlation between subjective alertness scores and objective posturographic measurements. Lastly, to investigate the effects of vision ...

Design is now considered to be the central or distinguishing activity of engineering and thus is being widely integrated throughout engineering education. However, engineering programs face special challenges in assessing student design abilities because of the subjective nature of design. Research has shown that current evaluation methods are insufficient in evaluating student design performan...

Understanding urbanization and evaluating its impact are vital for formulating global sustainable development. The results obtained from evaluating the impact of urbanization, however, depend on the kind of measurement used. With the goal of increasing our understanding of the impact of urbanization, we developed direct and indirect subjective indicators to measure how people assess their livin...

The two standard tests for the initial diagnosis of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), microscopic examination of gram stained urethral smears and the two glass urine test, have the disadvantage of being insensitive and subjective. The leucocyte esterase test detects enzymes specific to polymorphonuclear leucocytes and can therefore be used as a sensitive indicator of pyuria. This study sought to...

Rather than relying solely on subjective pain evaluation using means such as the visual analogue scale (VAS), in clinical situations it is possible to observe evoked responses of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) as objective indicators. Few studies, however, have reported these relationships under finely controlled sedation. 16 healthy male participants were administrated in intravenous sedat...

Real options analysis (ROA) is widely recognized as a superior method for valuing projects with managerial flexibilities. Yet, its adoption remains limited due to varied difficulties in its implementation. In this work, we propose a real options approach that utilizes managerial cashflow estimates to value early stage project investments. Our model is based on the assumption that managers can p...

Vibroacoustic stimulation by a Body Monochord can induce relaxation states of various emotional valence. The skin conductance level (SCL) of the tonic electrodermal activity is an indicator of sympathetic arousal of the autonomic nervous system and thus an indicator of the relaxation response. Salivary cortisol is considered to be a stress indicator of the HPA-axis. The effects of the treatment...

BACKGROUND Despite a concerted policy effort in Europe, social inequalities in health are a persistent problem. Developing a standardised measure of socioeconomic level across Europe will improve the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and causes of inequalities. This will facilitate developing, implementing and assessing new and more effective policies, and will improve the comparabilit...

In this work, we build on a previous real options approach that utilizes managerial cash-flow estimates to value early stage project investments. Through a simplifying assumption, where we assume that the managerial cash-flow estimates are normally distributed, we derive a closedform solution to the real option problem. The model is developed through the introduction of a market sector indicato...

PURPOSE This study was designed to evaluate variations of bone density in designated implant sites using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and to compare the QCT measurements to subjective evaluation of bone density. MATERIALS AND METHOD Sixty-two designated implant sites in jaws of 9 human cadavers were used. Indicator rods, 2 mm in diameter, were placed in all sites. CT images represen...