Introduction: While there is a broad consensus that the central mound in Gale crater is sedimentary in origin, there remains stark disagreement about the nature of the medium that transported and deposited those sediments, particularly if the dominant agent was wind or water. Results from the Curiosity rover indicate evidence for fluvial deposition of sediments on the crater floor [1-3]. But ho...

A field-portable 3D laser scanner was employed as a means of digitizing the surface of fire ant ( Solenopsis invicta Buren) mounds for analysis of shape and orientation in Mississippi and Oklahoma. Estimates of above-ground mound volume obtained through manual measurements of mound length, width, and height were higher and more variable than estimates obtained by summing the area underneath int...