A model i s presented of the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis in relation to submergence and flooding resistance. It i s based on t ime-come measurements of ethylene production, ethylene accumulation, and concentrations of free and conjugated 1 -aminocyclopropane-1 -carboxylic acid (ACC) in submerged and drained flooding-resistant Rumex palusfris Sm. and flooding-sensitive Rumex acefosella 1...

Submergence-induced ethylene synthesis and entrapment were studied in two contrasting Rumex species, one flood-resistant (Rumex palustris) and the other flood-sensitive (Rumex acetosa). The application of a photoacoustic method to determine internal ethylene concentrations in submerged plants is discussed. A comparison with an older technique (vacuum extraction) is described. For the first time...

Rumex palustris responds to complete submergence with upward movement of the younger petioles. This so-called hyponastic response, in combination with stimulated petiole elongation, brings the leaf blade above the water surface and restores contact with the atmosphere. We made a detailed study of this differential growth process, encompassing the complete range of the known signal transduction ...

The deficiency of oxygen in water during submergence is one of the frequently perceived environmental factors that limits or hampers production of the rice cultivation. Rice plants comprise of elongated submerged tissues that help to bear with the rise of water level in natural location. This characteristic helps the plant to deal with flooding stress. The mechanism on flooding tolerance and ad...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Anaerobic or low oxygen conditions occur when maize plants are submerged or subjected to flooding of the soil. Maize survival under low oxygen conditions is largely dependent on metabolic, physiological and morphological adaptation strategies; the regulation mechanisms of which remain unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in the response to adverse biotic or abioti...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Complete submergence is an important stress factor for many terrestrial plants, and a limited number of species have evolved mechanisms to deal with these conditions. Rumex palustris is one such species and manages to outgrow the water, and thus restore contact with the atmosphere, through upward leaf growth (hyponasty) followed by strongly enhanced petiole elongation. These...

Recurrent water level fluctuation and submergence of plants are common in riparian zones. Our study objectives were to test the independent and interactive effects of submergence level and fluctuation frequency on a globally important riparian invasive plant, Alternanthera philoxeroides. To this end, we conducted a greenhouse experiment, in which ramets of the plants, obtained from a wetland in...

Classes of vortex formation from a horizontal cylinder adjacent to an undulating free-surface wave are characterized using high-image-density particle image velocimetry. Instantaneous representations of the velocity "eld, streamline topology and vorticity patterns yield insight into the origin of unsteady loading of the cylinder. For su$ciently deep submergence of the cylinder, the orbital natu...

Aquatic and semi-aquatic plants are well adapted to survive partial or complete submergence which is commonly accompanied by oxygen deprivation. The gaseous hormone ethylene controls a number of adaptive responses to submergence including adventitious root growth and aerenchyma formation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signaling intermediates in ethylene-controlled submergence adaptation ...

Soybean production is greatly influenced by abiotic stresses imposed by environmental factors such as drought, water submergence, salt, and heavy metals. A thorough understanding of plant response to abiotic stress at the molecular level is a prerequisite for its effective management. The molecular mechanism of stress tolerance is complex and requires information at the omic level to understand...