In the past decades, the inappropriate subsidy policies in many nations have caused problems such as serious oversupply, fierce competition and subpar social welfare in the photovoltaic (PV) industry in many nations. There is a clear shortage in the PV industry literature regarding how dual supply chains compete and the key decision issues regarding the competition between dual PV supply chains...

The Malawi Farm Input Subsidy Program (FISP) was praised for turning the country's food deficit into a surplus after inception in 2005. It is, however, not clear whether these security gains spill over to equity distribution of welfare. We examine effects FISP on per-capita consumption convergence, 2251 households interviewed 2010–2013 Integrated Household Panel Survey. analysis employs Lewbel ...

Abstract Sustainable intensification aims to increase production and improve livelihoods of smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. Many farmers, however, are caught a vicious cycle low productivity lack incentives invest agricultural inputs. Moving towards sustainable therefore requires support such as input subsidies learning about new options through, for instance, co-learning approaches....

Enhanced environmental quality, fuel security, and economic development along with reduced prices of ethanol–gasoline blends are often used as justifications for the U.S. federal excise tax exemption on ethanol fuels. However, the possible effect of increased overall consumption of fuel in response to lower total price, mitigating the environmental and fuel security benefits, are generally not ...

Abstract Decades of negotiation to extend the GATT/WTO system address subsidies have never produced sort uniform, scheduled rules that apply tariffs or even services. Instead, WTO members developed demarcate permissible and impermissible subsidies. In this paper, I argue approach is now hampered by shifts in share global trade away from geopolitically aligned, wealthy states growth supply chain...

This study investigates whether patent subsidy programs to promote regional innovations have generated a large volume of low-quality applications in China, resulting in biased patent statistics as an indicator for innovations. We find that subsidies on patent filing fees encouraged the filing of low-quality patents, resulting in a decreased grant rate. Although grant-contingent rewards increase...

Forestry ecological projects have a huge impact on the living standard of forest farmers. Thus, information channels forest farmers choose to know about the information of these projects have great importance. The purpose of this study is to find out the main factors that influencing the adoption of these information channels of forest farmers in Western China. Rough set theory is used to solve...