Substance abuse has been a thorny public health concern throughout human history. Manifestly, prevention and treatment are the two main strategies commonly adopted to tackle problem of substance abuse. They in fact cross-disciplinary, they relate various domains heredity, biology, psychology, cognitive science, family, social development cultural structures. Almost everyone, directly or indirec...

BACKGROUND The presence of alcohol or other substances of abuse in blood or urine from injured patients is often used as a proxy for substance influence at the time of injury. The aim of this study was to obtain an estimate of substance influence at the time of injury based on blood concentrations of alcohol and other substances of abuse, and to explore the relationship between the substance pr...

Hydroxy-benzodiazepines and opiates are metabolized through glucuronidation which is the predominant pathway in the clearance mechanism of exogenous and endogenous substances during phase II-metabolism. The reaction is catalyzed by uridine-diphosphoglucuronyltransferases (UGTs) [1]. The presented work is motivated by the fact that the combination of benzodiazepines and opiates is common both in...

Research on adolescent use of substances has long sought to understand the family factors that may be associated with use of different substances such as alcohol, tobacco and marijuana. However, scant attention has been focused on these questions in Latin American contexts, despite growing concerns about substance use among Latin American youth. Using data from a sample of 866 Chilean youth, we...

According to Griffiths and Mumford (1), psychotropic substances that have the potential to be used as drugs of abuse share two essential features: 1) they have positive reinforcing properties, that is, they induce pleasurable effects; 2) they can harm the individual who uses them and/or society. Current conceptualizations of substance abuse tend to consider positive reinforcing properties and h...

background: informal employment is common in developing countries, including egypt. this type of employment may have significant consequences on mental health. objectives: to determine the prevalence and risk factors of common mental disorders and substance abuse among temporary hired hospital cleaners. methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted on 242 adult temporary cleaners and 209 perma...