In the PILPS 2(e) experiment, the Snow Atmosphere Soil Transfer (SAST) land-surface scheme developed from the Biosphere–Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) showed difficulty in accurately simulating the patterns and quantities of runoff resulting from heavy snowmelt in the high-latitude Torne–Kalix River basin (shared by Sweden and Finland). This difficulty exposes the model deficiency in runoff ...

It is important to simulate a groundwater transport process, e.g., pollutant migration, through the vadose zone and subsequent mixing within the saturated zone to assess potential impacts of contaminants in the subsurface in preliminary stages. It is challenging to simulate heterogeneous soil characteristics and non-uniform initial contaminant concentration. This paper proposes a vertically het...

El Niño events play important roles in influencing the hydroclimatology over the Mississippi River Basin (MRB). This study shows that the two types of El Niño events, the central Pacific (CP) El Niño and eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño, have opposite effects on spring soil water hydrology in the MRB. Above-normal spring (March) precipitation during EP El Niño years leads to higher soil water level...

This paper addresses the use of cellulose strips (softwood pulp) as a method for studying the decomposition of soil organic matter. The eight study sites were located in four forested catchments in Finland (between 61°–69°N). The sites comprised mineral soil and peat soil plots subjected to minimal anthropogenic influence. The cellulose strips were placed on the soil surface, on the surface and...

In the South African sugar industry it is important that relatively inexpensive but viable drainage systems are de,:el,oped for those soils which have a low hydraulic conductrvity. From the results offield and laboratory investigations conducted during the past five years it appears that the use of unlined mole channels as an alternative for, or a supplement to conventional subsurface drainage,...

Excessive application of swine manure to a field over long durations can increase nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 -N) leaching as a result of accumulation of more nutrients in the root zone than the subsequent crops may need. The objective of this study was to use the GLEAMS (V.2.1) model to compare measured versus simulated effects of swine manure application with urea-ammonium-nitrate (UAN) on subsurf...

there are human and animal health concerns related to drainage systems because nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, can contaminate water supplies. a field study was conducted on consolidated paddy fields of sari agricultural sciences and natural resources university, northern iran (36.3°n, 53.04°e), to determine the effect of subsurface drain depth and spacing on nitrogen (n) and pho...

Understanding the spatial and temporal variations of soil moisture is crucial for the land surface processes and their management. Accurate estimation of spatial and temporal variations of soil moisture is important for various hydrological studies also. Recently, remote sensing techniques have been used to estimate soil moisture. Estimation of soil moisture by remote sensing techniques provide...

In this study influence of land-use type on soil respiration was investigated in poplar plantation, apple orchard (apple trees with understory grasses) and adjacent grassland sites in Seyitler Area, Artvin, Turkey. Soil respiration was measured approximately monthly in three sampling plots in each land use type from January 2005 to November 2005 using the soda-lime technique. Mean daily soil re...

On Earth, the deep subsurface biosphere of both the oceanic and the continental crust is well known for surviving harsh conditions and environments characterized by high temperatures, high pressures, extreme pHs, and the absence of sunlight. The microorganisms of the terrestrial deep biosphere have an excellent capacity for adapting to changing geochemistry, as the alteration of the crust proce...