We present an approach for process conceptualization in hillslope hydrology. We develop and implement a series of virtual experiments, whereby the interaction between water flow pathways, source and mixing at the hillslope scale is examined within a virtual experiment framework. We define these virtual experiments as ‘numerical experiments with a model driven by collective field intelligence’. ...

[1] It is necessary to improve our understanding of the exchange of dissolved constituents between surface and subsurface waters in river systems in order to better evaluate the fate of water‐borne contaminants and nutrients and their effects on water quality and aquatic ecosystems. Here we present a model that can predict hyporheic exchange at the bed‐form‐to‐reach scale using readily measurab...

The current practice for monitoring of subsurface plumes involves the collection of water samples from sparsely distributed monitoring wells and laboratory analysis to determine chemical concentrations. In most field situations, cost and time constraints limit the number of samples that could be collected and analyzed for continuous monitoring of large, transient plumes. With the development of...

Electromagnetic induction measurements are often used for non-destructive investigation of certain soil properties, which are affected by the electromagnetic features of the subsurface layers. Knowing such parameters allows one to identify inhomogeneities in the ground, and to ascertain the presence and the spatial position of particular conductive substances, such as metals, liquid pollutants,...

In 2014, we measured activity concentration of radiocesium in the western North Pacific Ocean. In the north of Kuroshio Front high activity concentration of Fukushima-derived radiocesium in surface mixed layer in 2012 had been transported eastward by 2014. In the south of the front we found a radiocesium subsurface maximum in 200-600 m depth, which was similar to that observed in 2012. The subs...

Chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) are one of the pollutant groups most commonly found in hazardous waste sites. Understanding the transport and fate of these compounds in the vadose zone is crucial to identifying pollution sources, assessing the threat to groundwater, and evaluating the need and adequacy of cleanup. CHCs exist in various physical phases in the subsurface, linked by interphasal pr...

Pesticide transport from seed dressings toward subsurface tile drains is still poorly understood. We monitored the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and thiamethoxam from sugar beet seed dressings in flow-proportional drainage water samples, together with spray applications of bromide and the herbicide S-metolachlor in spring and the fungicides epoxiconazole and kresoxim-methyl in summer....

The Europa Clipper is a NASA mission concept to study Europa, the ice-covered moon of Jupiter, though a series of fly-by observations of the Europan surface and subsurface from a spacecraft in Jovian orbit. One of the primary instruments in the strawman scientific payload is a multifrequency, multi-channel ice penetrating radar (IPR) system. The IPR will play a critical role in achieving the mi...

Controlled Source Electromagnetic (CSEM) is an important technique in hydrocarbon exploration because it uses the large contrast in electrical resistivity to distinguish between water and hydrocarbons. In a shallow sea environment, the airwave that is refracted from the air-water interface dominates the recorded signal at large offsets. Therefore, the hydrocarbon detection ability of the CSEM i...