The mean charge states of C, N, O, Ne, Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ar, Ca, Fe, and Ni ions with 115–70 MeV nucleon in the two large solar energetic particle (SEP) events of 1992 October 30 and November 2 have been determined using measurements of the invariant latitude of the cosmic-ray cutoffs of these elements from the Mass Spectrometer Telescope on the polar-orbiting SAMPEX satellite. The deduced cha...

Microturbulence, i.e. enhanced fluctuations of plasma density, electric and magnetic fields, is of great interest in astrophysical plasmas, but occurs on spatial scales far too small to resolve by remote sensing, e.g., at ∼1-100 cm in the solar corona. This paper reports spatially resolved observations that offer strong support for the presence in solar flares of a suspected radio emission mech...

We discuss the appearance of EUV brightpoints (BPs) in the analysis of longduration observations in the He II 304Å passband of the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT). The signature of the observed 304Å passband intensity fluctuations around the BPs suggest that the primary source of the mass and energy supplied to the magnetic structure is faci...

The LASCO C2 and C3 coronagraphs recorded a unique coronal mass ejection on April 2, 1999. The event did not have the typical three-part CME structure and involved a small filament eruption without any visibile overlying streamer ejecta. The event exhibited an unusually clear signature of a wave propagating at the CME flanks. The speed and density of the CME front and flanks were consistent wit...

Solar eruptions such as Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) observed in the inner solar corona (up to 4 R$_{\odot}$) show acceleration profiles which appear parabolic ridges height-time plots. Inspired by white-light automated detection algorithms, Computer Aided CME Tracking System (CACTus) and Eruptive Events Detection (SEEDS), we employ Hough Transform for first time automatically detect off-disk ...

We report a large-scale coronal wave (so-called “EIT wave”) observed with high cadence by EUVI onboard STEREO in association with the GOES B9.5 flare and double CME event on 19 May 2007. The EUVI instruments provide us with the unprecedented opportunity to study the dynamics of flare/CME associated coronal waves. The coronal wave under study reveals deceleration, indicative of a freely propagat...

Coronal observations in X-rays show the sun has many dynamic features that can neither be imagined nor seen with the naked eye. The solar corona has a wide temperature range from less than 1MK (1,000,000K) to more than 10MK. The X-ray telescope (XRT) on board the Hinode satellite has 9 X-ray analysis filters to observe the almost of whole coronal plasma. Using the data observed with this telesc...

We discuss how simultaneous observations by multiple heliospheric imagers can provide some important information about the azimuthal properties of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) in the heliosphere. We propose two simple models of CME geometry that can be used to derive information about the azimuthal deflection and the azimuthal expansion of CMEs from SECCHI/HI observations. We apply these two m...

Observations of the fast, high-latitude solar wind throughout Ulysses’ three orbits show that solar wind power correlates remarkably well with the Sun’s total open magnetic flux. These observations support a recent model of the solar wind energy and particle sources, where magnetic flux emergence naturally leads to an energy flux proportional to the strength of the large-scale magnetic field. T...