Realistic superstring models generically give rise to exotic matter states, which arise due to the “Wilson–line” breaking of the non–Abelian unifying gauge symmetry. Often such states are protected by a gauge or local discrete symmetry and therefore may be stable or meta–stable. We study the possibility of a flux of high energy neutrinos coming from the sun and the earth due to the annihilation...

The most surprising result from the first solar encounters by Parker Solar Probe (PSP) is large amount of brief magnetic field reversals often referred to as switchbacks. Switchbacks have previously been observed further downstream in wind spacecraft such Helios 2 at 62 Rs Sun. However, these observations lack a distinct proton temperature increase detected inside switchbacks PSP, implying that...

[1] During the Archean (3.8–2.5 billion years ago), the Sun was up to 25% less luminous than today, yet there is strong evidence that the Earth’s ocean surface was not completely frozen. The most obvious solutions to this ‘faint young Sun problem’ demand high concentrations of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. Here we present the first comprehensive 3-dimensional simulations of the Arche...

Thermodynamics is a funny subject. The first time you go through it, you dont understand it at all. The second time you go through it, you think you understand it, except for one or two small points. The third time you go through it, you know you don't understand it, but by that time you are so used to it, it doesn't bother you any more. Global climate results from a thermodynamic interaction b...

Standard solar models predict a solar luminosity that gradually increased by about 30% over the past 4.5 billion years. Under the faint sun, Earth should have been frozen solid for most of its existence. Yet, running water is observed to have been present since very early in Earth’s history. This enigma is known as the faint sun paradox. We show here that it can be partially resolved once we co...

The properties and dynamics of magnetic fields on the Sun’s photosphere and outer layers – notably those within solar active regions – govern the eruptive activity of the Sun. These photospheric magnetic fields also act as the evolving lower boundary of the Sun-Earth coupled system. Quantifying the physical attributes of these magnetic fields and exploring the mechanisms underlying their influe...

Spacecraft observations near the earth of the average direction of the interplanetary magnetic field during the sunspot maximum year 1968 showed a deviation from the spiral field of Parker's classical description. The included angle between the average field direction when the field polarity was away from the sun and the average direction when the field polarity was toward the sun was 168 degre...

Accumulation and annihilation of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) in the earth and the sun may be observed by the resulting neutrino signal. We demonstrate that, for certain parts of the SUSY parameter space, present and future neutrino telescopes can expect a higher rate of events due to tau-neutrinos than due to muon-neutrinos. We show how neutrino-oscillation, and in the case of ...

We investigated the contribution of the MSSM Higgs bosons produced in the neutralino annihilation in the Earth and Sun to the total WIMPs detection signal. We found that this contribution is very important and results in a lower bound for the muon flux from the Sun of 10 ÷ 10 m yr for neutralinos heavier than about 200 GeV. We noticed that due to the SUSY charged Higgs bosons one can expect an ...

In this paper, we analyse the Quran description of phenomena linked to the evolution of the universe in the light of our present knowledge in this domain. In fact, according to the Quranic text, the verses concerning Astronomy may be classified into two categories: the verses related to the solar system and those concerning the universe in general. For the first category, the Quran specifies th...