In most real options models for evaluating power plants, it is assumed that the price fluctuates stochastically such as a geometric Brownian motion. In actual electricity market, the prices are determined by supply and demand, and the supply and demand balance may cause the price spike. Especially, the supply characteristics, which depend on the type and number of power plants in electricity ma...

Protein translation is a central step in gene expression and affected by many factors such as codon usage bias, mRNA folding energy and tRNA abundance. Despite intensive previous studies, how metabolic amino acid supply correlates with protein translation efficiency remains unknown. In this work, we estimated the amino acid flux from metabolic network for each protein in Escherichia coli and Sa...

Abstract A supply and demand balance control method for an electrical submersible linear motor utilised in offshore oil exploitation is proposed this study. The permanent magnet replaced by based on switched reluctance motor. sensorless further enhances the stability of system. Meanwhile, a to maintain fullness plunger pump within ideal range. An established speed function allows dynamically al...

Introduction: Reducing social inequality along with oral health in Wales is a policy objective. In this ecological study the relationships between deprivation, dental workforce and are explored. Method: Twenty two Unitary Authorities (UAs) serving population of were studied. The number dentists obtained from NHS Business Services as well 2019 figures StatsWales. As data for whole time equivalen...

A supply chain is a network of retailers, distributors, manufacturers, and suppliers cooperating to satisfy customers demands. In traditional business environments, each business tries to minimize its costs based on its own cost structure, regardless of other SC participants. However, most decisions made by each SC members are based on the profitability of their own. In this paper, we consider ...

To ensure that tissues are well oxygenated, oxygen supply and demand are now targets of therapy for the critically ill patient. This chapter reviews the physiologic determinants of oxygen supply, how it is threatened by respiratory or cardiac dysfunction or by hemorrhaged or anemic states, and how it can be assessed in individual patients. Activities and conditions that increase tissue oxygen d...

We consider the problem of designing a pricing mechanism for precisely controlling the real-time balance in electricity markets, where retail brokers aggregate the supply and demand of a number of individual customers, and must purchase or sell power at the wholesale level such that the total supply matches total demand. This is typically done for future time periods by buying and selling power...

ABSTRACT: The requirements and basic components of a typical optimal control environment for water-supply pumping systems are presented and discussed. Examined model components include hydraulic network models, demand forecast models, and optimal control models. A review of existing optimal control methodologies for water-supply pumping systems is also provided. Examined methodologies are class...