Conventional electroporation (EP) by 0.1 to 1 kV/cm pulses longer than 100 micros, and supra-electroporation by 10 to 300 kV/cm pulses shorter than 1 micros cause different cellular effects. Conventional EP delivers DNA, proteins, small drugs, and fluorescent indicators across the plasma membrane (PM) and causes moderate levels of phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation at the PM. We hypothesize ...

Real-ear attenuation at threshold (REAT) and monaural pure-tone thresholds were determined for normally hearing adults using a supra-aural, Audiocup, and insert earphone. The thresholds were obtained in quiet and in background noises approximating the maximum permissible ambient noise levels (MPANLs) allowed in an audiometric test room specified by ANSI S3.1-1991 and OSHA (1983). The supra-aura...

H U B L (1956) demonstrated that if the supra-oesophageal ganglion of lumbricid oligochaetes is removed at the time of amputation of a number of posterior segments, caudal regeneration is totally inhibited, but if the ganglion is not removed until 24-48 hours after amputation of the posterior segments, regeneration proceeds at the normal rate. A comparable phenomenon may occur in nereid polycha...

Remote-procedure calls (RPCs) allow distributed, high-level language programs to communicate and synchronize in the usual manner via subprogram calls. One of the great challenges in RPC research is to preserve the traditiional call semantics despite the distribution and heterogeneity of the new environment. The main contribution of SUPRA-RPC is in addressing the passing of subprograms as RPC pa...

Many geological problems have not been convincingly explained so far and are debatable, for instance the origin changes of Neogene depositional environments in central Poland. Therefore, these reconstructed terms global to local tectonic climatic fluctuations. The examined deposits divided into a sub-lignite unit (Koźmin Formation), lignite-bearing (Grey Clays Member), and supra-lignite (Wielko...

This article has evolved from a research project following a micro-level approach to the postwar ‘agricultural revolution’. Above all, it focuses on the diversity of post-1945 agricultural development, i.e. the various ways farming actors experienced, interpreted and acted upon the natural and societal structures of their rural lifeworlds, thereby reproducing and/or transforming the local, regi...

In supra-adaptive logistics systems, operative workers must be able to quickly and precisely retrieve objects from large storage areas with minimal training. We explore concepts toward providing workers with location-based wayfinding and picking information on mobile and spatial displays, varying both visualization schemes (1D: textual descriptions, 2D: map-based overviews and 3D: AR-based arro...

This dissertation asks the question to what extent functional policy-making authority allocations determine the applying of successful policy instruments by local governments in optimising their ability to provide local public goods given system specific transaction costs. I will develop a model to formulate the contextual relations and the behavioral uncertainties related to the employment of ...