the silica aerogel was prepared by the acid–base sol–gel polymerization of tetraethylorthosilicate precursor followed by ambient pressure drying. the prepared silica aerogels were characterized by fourier transform infrared )ft-ir(, thermo-gravimetric and differential thermal analysis )tg/dta(, x-ray diffractometer )xrd(, energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis )edx(, brunauer–emmitt–teller (bet)...

Vegetation growing on the surface of a streambank has been shown to alter the shear stresses applied to the boundary, but basic questions remain regarding the influence of vegetation and streambank configurations on near-bank hydraulics. In the present study, Froudescaled flume experiments were used to investigate how changes in vegetation density (ratio of frontal area to channel area, includi...

In this chapter the theory of scattering of elastic surface waves is described. Since surface waves are guided along the surface of materials, the scattering properties of surface waves are useful for probing the heterogeneity of the material near the surface as well as perturbations of the free surface. This has applications in the detection of surface defects (Steg and Klemens, 1974) and in s...

in the paper we developed a new method to determine the absolute amount of adsorption. this method relies on the excess adsorption isotherm and the density profile in the pore of one material. to compute the density profile and decrease complex calculation of obtaining the absolute amount of adsorption we introduced simplified local-density (sld) model. a few of appropriate parameters were acqu...

1. Current thinking holds that wood density mediates a tradeoff between strength and economy of construction, with higher wood density providing higher strength but at higher cost. 2. Yet the further away wood fibres are from the central axis of the trunk, the more they increase the strength of the trunk; thus, a fat trunk of low-density wood can achieve greater strength at lower construction c...

PURPOSE We defined the quantitative changes in corneal epithelial nerve fibers during mouse development. METHODS Corneal whole mounts from 36 mice were immunostained with a specific anti-β-III tubulin antibody to label nerve fibers. Epithelial nerve fibers in the whole cornea were scanned and imaged using deconvolution microscopy. Subbasal nerve fiber and nerve terminal densities were calcula...

A simple carbonization procedure is proposed for the synthesis of hierarchical nanoporous carbons with controllable pore size and effective surface area as electrode materials for high-performance electrochemical double-layer capacitors. The procedure is based on the carbonization of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) composed of cross-linked polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate)...

extended abstract   introduction the most important indicator of climate in a region is vegetation community. climate can be different over large areas, because of changes in vegetation community. vegetation influences weather and climate in its surrounding areas mostly by way of evapotranspiration and albedo so they play a role in the earth’s energy balance. these effects on the earth’s energy...

To efficiently generate electricity using bacteria in microbial fuel cells (MFCs), highly conductive noncorrosive materials are needed that have a high specific surface area (surface area per volume) and an open structure to avoid biofouling. Graphite brush anodes, consisting of graphite fibers wound around a conductive, but noncorrosive metal core, were examined for power production in cube (C...