laparoscopic technique in recent years has tremendously being used as a non invasive surgery to perform different operation in abdominal and thoracic cavities. this technique has been used from 1987 in different aspect of human surgery. in addition to diagnosis, biopsy, visualizing adhesion and neoplastic structure, recently cholecystectomy and ovariohysterectomy were also commonly being used a...

conclusions we can remove the ureteral stent earlier after kidney transplantation with no increase in the prevalence of surgical complications. patients and methods all patients who underwent kidney transplantation from may 2011 until march 2012 in modarres hospital were included in this study. we classified the patients into three groups, based on time of stent removal (10, 20, and 30 days aft...

here, we describe young men with synovial sarcoma in the palatine tonsil, who presented with a 3-4 month history of progressive sore throat, tonsillar ulcerative mass and bleeding. clinical and radiological examinations revealed that the tumors arose from the palatine tonsil and extended to the parapharyngeal space. both tumors were too advanced to remove completely; therefore, they underwent s...

background: heterotopic abdominal pregnancy is a rare entity which poses unique management challenges. case: a 24-year-old gravida 1 woman with history of two years infertility and treatment with clomiphene citrate presented with acute right lower quadrant abdominal pain. heterotopic abdominal pregnancy was recognized at 16 weeks gestation by transvaginal ultrasound scan. we aimed to remove ect...

background: cervical pregnancy is rare and dangerous form of ectopic pregnancy which can be treated surgically or conservatively. methotrexate is reasonable conservative option with high efficiency and acceptable level of side effects. aim of this paper is to present possible treatment option in case of methotrexate failure, still keeping the postulates of minimal invasive surgery. case:  we de...

the goal of this prospective study was to determine die prevalence of certain surgical findings in iranian patients with appendicitis in one of our surgical centers, including: position of the appendix, rate of true appendicitis, perforation, and peritonitis. duplication was observed in 4%, surface exudate in 52%, gangrenous necrosis in 27%, swelling in 79%, appendix in the left lower quadrant ...

In minimally invasive surgery, image quality is a critical pre-requisite to ensure a surgeons ability to perform a procedure. In endoscopic procedures, image quality can deteriorate for a number of reasons such as fogging due to the temperature gradient after intra-corporeal insertion, lack of focus and due to smoke generated when using electro-cautery to dissect tissues without bleeding. In th...

Objectives The purpose of this study is to experimentally evaluate the use of concentric tube continuum robots in endonasal skull base tumor removal. This new type of surgical robot offers many advantages over existing straight and rigid surgical tools including added dexterity, the ability to scale movements, and the ability to rotate the end effector while leaving the robot fixed in space. In...

Cleaning Failure to adequately clean instrument results in higher bioburden, protein load, and salt concentration. These will decrease sterilization efficacy. Bioburden The natural bioburden of used surgical devices is 10 to 10 organisms (primarily vegetative bacteria), which is substantially below the 10-10 spores used with biological indicators. Pathogen type Spore-forming organisms are most ...

OBJECTIVES This case report looks at a 53-year-old patient who had suffered a penetrating foreign body injury to the retro-orbital space and the surgical approach taken to remove the large glass fragments found and to correct the damage caused. Having fallen while holding a drinking glass, this patient suffered multiple laceration injuries to the maxillofacial region upon the glass shattering i...