Single point incremental sheet forming (SPISF) has demonstrated significant potential to form complex sheet metal parts without using component-specific tools and is suitable for fabricating low-volume functional sheet metal parts economically. In the SPIF process, a ball nose tool moves along a predefined tool path to form the sheet. This work aims to optimize the formability and forming force...

<abstract><p>In his seminal work, Fontela (1989) set up the distributional rule of productivity gain in input–output context (total factor surplus, TFPS). Garau (1996) proposed an extension, to identify a measure called purchasing power transfer (PPT). This is given by gains and market surplus generated extra-profit conditions derived from rental positions detained agents. Such deco...