Metazoan organisms are dependent on a continuous supply of O(2) for survival. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that regulates oxygen homeostasis and plays key roles in development, physiology, and disease. HIF-1 activity is induced in response to continuous hypoxia, intermittent hypoxia, growth factor stimulation, and Ca(2+) signaling. HIF-1 mediates adaptive respons...

introduction: acute myeloid leukemia (aml) is a clonal disease characterized by heterogeneous involvement of hematopoietic bone marrow cell populations. in aml patients, a variety of clinical and biologic parameters, including surface markers, have been examinedfor potential value in predicting treatment response and survival. by checking the myeloid, lymphoid and nonspecific markers on the bla...

Endosomes and autophagosomes are two vesicular compartments involved in the degradation and recycling of cellular material. They both undergo a maturation process and finally fuse with the lysosome. In mammals, the convergence between endosomes and autophagosomes is a multistep process that can generate intermediate vesicles named amphisomes. Using knockdowns and mutants of the ESCRT machinery ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The thrifty phenotype hypothesis proposes that late-life metabolic diseases result from mismatch between early-life and adulthood nutrition. More recently, the predictive adaptive response (PAR) hypothesis has suggested that poor early-life environmental conditions induce metabolic changes that maximize health and fitness in similarly poor adult conditions, but reduce ...

Chronic increases in arterial blood flow elicit an adaptive response of the arterial wall, leading to vessel enlargement and reduction in wall shear stress to physiological baseline value. Release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells exposed to excessive shear is a fundamental step in the remodeling process, and potentially triggers a cascade of events, including growth factor induction and m...

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays a vital role in cellular processes such as gene expression, cell proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. Also known the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway, MAPK has been implicated approximately one-third of all cancers. Mutations RAS or RAF genes KRAS BRAF are common, these mutations typically promote malignancies by over-activating MEK ERK downst...

For an immune response against an eliciting antigen, innate and adaptive immune mechanisms interact to provide a specific and appropriate response characterized by self-non-self discrimination and memory. This non-random process involves antigen presentation followed by T cell recognition and activation with the elaboration of T cell-derived lymphokines. The nature and amount of lymphokine prod...

Broken adaptive ridge (BAR) is a computationally scalable surrogate to $$L_0$$ -penalized regression, which involves iteratively performing reweighted $$L_2$$ penalized regressions and enjoys some appealing properties of both while avoiding their limitations. In this paper, we extend the BAR method semi-parametric accelerated failure time (AFT) model for right-censored survival data. Specifical...