VNS is a multi-protocol switching architecture that provides COSsensitive packet switching, reduces the complexity of operating protocols like PPP and frame relay, provides logical networks and traffic segregation for Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), security and traffic engineering, enables efficient WAN broadcasting and multicasting, and reduces address space requirements. VNS reduces the num...

Identifying the optimal switching point between different invasive alien species (IAS) management policies is a very complex task and policy makers are in need of modelling tools to assist them. In this paper we develop an optimal control bioeconomic model to estimate the type of optimal policy and switching point of control efforts against a spreading IAS. We apply the models to the case study...

Direct torque control (DTC) is a control technique in AC drive systems to obtain high performance torque control. The classical DTC drive contains a pair of hysteresis comparators and suffers from variable switching frequency and high torque ripple. These problems can be solved by using space vector depending on the reference torque and flux. In this paper the space vector modulation technique ...

We report a first study of brain activity linked to task switching in individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). PWS individuals show a specific cognitive deficit in task switching which may be associated with the display of temper outbursts and repetitive questioning. The performance of participants with PWS and typically developing controls was matched in a cued task switching procedure, a...

A Theoretical background S2 A.1 Theoretical basis near critical transition point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 A.2 Three states during a critical transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S8 A.3 Identifying the switching point of stationary Markov process based on inconsistency score . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S8 A.3.1 Algorithm ....

There are many deployment scenarios that require an egress Label Switching Router (LSR) to receive binding of the Resource Reservation Protocol Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) Label Switched Path (LSP) to an application and a payload identifier using some "out-of-band" (OOB) mechanism. This document defines protocol mechanisms to address this requirement. The procedures described in this document...

Capacitor voltage balancing is of importance in the neutral-point-clamped based dual-active-bridge converters. Most traditional methods adopt transformer current models process, as direction neutral-point affected by polarity. However, this approach requires heavy and repetitive offline precalculation for polarity under various operating modes, thus, leading to complicated implementation. To ov...

A psychoacoustic rationale was developed for a hearing aid design in which compression of spectral tilt was incorporated without any instantaneous nonlinear distortion. This involved switching between a 'flat' and a 'rising' frequency response; the switching was done slowly to avoid audible transients and was controlled by feedback derived from comparison of output levels in low- and high-frequ...

Adaptive switching between multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission strategies like diversity and spatialmultiplexing is a flexible approach to respond to channel variations. It is desirable to obtain accurate estimates of the switching points between these transmission schemes to realize the capacity gains made possible by adaptive switching. In this paper, it is shown that the accur...