Membrane clogging is a major obstacle to the successful operation of the membrane separation process. A submerged hollow fibre membrane with powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption (adsorption-membrane hybrid system) was used for the removal of organics from a synthetic wastewater representative of biologically treated sewage e.fJluent. PAC usage successfully adsorbs the majority of the orga...

Erratum: “Radionuclides in Fracking Wastewater: Managing a Toxic Blend” The Focus article “Radionuclides in Fracking Wastewater: Managing a Toxic Blend” [Environ Health Perspect 122:A50–A55 (2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.122-A50] incorrectly stated that Pennsylvania requires pit liners for temporary impoundments and disposal to have a minimum thickness of 30 mm. The correct minimum thick...

The toxic effects of the metals cadmium, zinc and copper on microbial activity in the activated sludge process, are reported. The dissolved metals were added to the process in synthetic wastewater with a COD of 520 mg L. Metal toxicity was determined by the reduction in activity levels of variables such as the specific oxygen uptake rate and mass fraction of active cells present in the reactor....

The aim of this paper is to review the research progress of using ferrate(VI) in following fields of environmental remediation: (1) water disinfection; (2) degradation of synthetic organic pollutants; (3) treatment of emerging organic pollutants; (4) oxidation of inorganic pollutants; (5) removing humic substance; (6) wastewater treatment and disinfection; and (7) sewage sludge treatment. Whils...

This study evaluated the use of PVA cryogels to encapsulate slow-growing anammox bacteria for deammonification treatment of wastewater. The cryogel pellets were prepared by freezing-thawing at -8 °C. On average, pellets contained 11.8 mg-TSS/g-pellet of enriched anammox sludge NRRL B-50286 (Candidatus Brocadia caroliniensis) in 4-mm cubes. They were tested with synthetic and partially nitrified...

Water plays a vital and essential role in our ecosystem. This natural resource is becoming scarce, making its availability a major social and economic concern. Use of a large variety of synthetic dyes in textile industries has raised an hazardous environmental alert. About 17 20% of freshwater pollution is caused by textile effluents. These effluents are recalcitrant to biodegradation and cause...

Propylene glycol is discharged to the surface and underground waters and vicinity soils via industrial wastewater effluents, posing many health and environmental risks. The main goal of this study was to remove propylene glycol from synthetic wastewater in a fixed bed activated sludge reactor. To observe the effects of organic loading on bioreactor performance, the organic loading was increased...

Two anaerobic acidogenic reactors, one mesophilic (37 8C) and one thermophilic (55 8C), were operated with a synthetic wastewater at a series of organic loading rates (OLRs). There was almost no difference between the two reactors for chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction, and degree of acidification at any given OLRs. However, the thermophilic reactor had a higher substrate degradation rate, ...

The development of titrimetric sensor applications to monitor biological wastewater treatment processes is shortly described, and the measurement principle (based on a pH controller) is illustrated. 3 applications that were developed during the past years are used to illustrate the capabilities of titrimetric sensors. The ammonium and the nitrate concentration can be measured to monitor the nit...

The performance of electrocoagulation using iron electrodes for the removal of hexavalent chromium from synthetic aqueous solutions and actual industrial electroplating wastewater was studied. Parameters affecting the electrocoagulation process, such as initial pH, applied current density, initial metal ion concentration, COD and time of electroprocessing were investigated. The optimum pH was f...