Compatible virus infection induces and suppresses host gene expression at the global level. These gene-expression changes are the molecular basis of symptom development and general stress and defence-like responses of the host. To assess transcriptional changes in soybean plants infected with soybean mosaic virus (SMV), the first soybean trifoliate leaf, immediately above the SMV-inoculated uni...

A plant viral vector engineered from an in vivo infectious clone of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) was used to express the human interferon-gamma (INF-γ) in planta. The INF-γ gene was in frame inserted between the P1 and HC-Pro ORFs of the ZYMV vector. The infectious activity of the vector was approved by rubbing the plasmid on Chenopodium quinoa and observing local lesions. Individual les...

Systemic induction of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins in tobacco, which occurs during the hypersensitive response to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), may be caused by a minimum 10-fold systemic increase in endogenous levels of salicylic acid (SA). This rise in SA parallels PR-1 protein induction and occurs in TMV-resistant Xanthi-nc tobacco carrying the N gene, but not in TMV-susceptible (nn) tob...

Virus-infected plants often display developmental abnormalities that include stunting, leaf curling, and the loss of apical dominance. In this study, the helicase domain of the Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) 126- and/or 183-kDa replicase protein(s) was found to interact with the Arabidopsis Aux/IAA protein PAP1 (also named IAA26), a putative regulator of auxin response genes involved in plant devel...

Viral diseases are of immense importance considering the extensive damage and severe losses they cause to the crops. Because of their peculiar nature and characteristic association with hosts and vectors, no therapeutic method to completely control them has been found successful. However, certain preventive measures, if adopted suitably can be of great help in avoiding viral diseases. Antiviral...

We conducted a double-blind randomized placebo controlled trial to evaluate the impact of Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) on the bleeding and systemic manifestations of menstruation. A total of 90 students were randomly assigned to treatment or placebo group. Bleeding and systemic manifestations were evaluated with a menstrual pictogram and multidimensional verbal scale before and during 2 ...

Abstract A survey was carried out in 19 districts to investigate the prevalence and distribution of sweetpotato virus disease (SPVD) its implication on sustainability clean seed system Malawi. total 166 leaf samples were collected tested for presence 8 viruses using nitrocellulose membrane enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (NCM-ELISA). SPVD foliar symptoms observed 68.42% surveyed districts. Th...

Effective population size (N(e)) is a key parameter for understanding evolutionary processes, but it is generally not considered in epidemiological studies or in studying infections of individual hosts. Whether N(e) has an effect on the onset of symptoms and viral accumulation in Tobacco etch virus (TEV) infection of Nicotiana tabacum plants is considered here. Using mixtures of TEV variants ca...

Geminiviruses package single-stranded circular DNA and replicate via double-stranded DNA intermediates. During the past decade, increasing evidence has led to the general acceptance that their replication follows a rolling-circle replication mechanism like bacteriophages with single-stranded DNA. In a recent study, we showed that this is also true for Abutilon mosaic geminivirus (AbMV), but tha...

Screening cassava lines for resistance against viruses causing brown streak disease (CBSD) is cumbersome because of the unpredictable and erratic virus infections in slow plant infection processes that are frequently not associated with distinct leaf symptoms reliance on assessment root necrosis as an indicator resistance/tolerance. The selection resistant candidates thus extends over several g...