It has long been known that thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) can produce cytokines that have powerful effects on hematopoiesis. All major classes of T cells--CD4 T helper cells, CD4 regulatory T cells, CD8 T cells, gammadelta T cells and NKT cells--produce a number of cytokines and chemokines that can modulate hematopoiesis. More recent research has shown that specific T helper cell types, ...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection induces complex CD4 T cell responses that include T helper type 1 (Th1) cells and regulatory T cells. Although Th1 cells control infection, they are unable to fully eliminate M. tuberculosis, suggesting that Th1-mediated immunity is restrained from its full sterilizing potential. Investigation into T cell-mediated defense is hindered by difficulties in expan...

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease of unknown etiology. Cutaneous infection with microbes such as Staphylococcus aureus and/or skin cleansing with detergent exacerbates clinical AD. Here, we generated an AD animal model by destroying skin barrier function with detergent and subsequent topical application of protein A from S. aureus (SpA). NC/Nga mice, which genetically...

Current thinking attributes the balance between T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokine response patterns in immune responses to the nature of the antigen, the genetic composition of the host, and the cytokines involved in the early interaction between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. Here we introduce glutathione, a tripeptide that regulates intracellular redox and other aspects of cell physiol...

Interleukin 12 (IL-12) initiates the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells to T helper type 1 (Th1) cells critical for resistance to intracellular pathogens such as Leishmania major. To explore the basis of IL-12 action, we analyzed induction of nuclear factors in Th1 cells. IL-12 selectively induced nuclear DNA-binding complexes that contained Stat3 and Stat4, recently cloned members of the fa...

t cells have been identified as key players in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. however, the exact role of t-cell subpopulations in this pathway is presently unknown. the purpose of this study was to assess the expression pattern of two lineage-specifying transcription factors gata - 3 and t - bet , which are important in t helper type 1 (th1) and th2 cell development , respectively. gene e...

There is a growing need for novel vaccine adjuvants that can provide safe and potent T-helper type 1 (Th1) activity. RNA-like immune response modifiers (IRMs) are candidate T-cell adjuvants that skew acquired immune responses towards a Th1 phenotype. We set out to delineate the essential signaling pathways by which the RNA-like IRMs, resiquimod (R-848) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly ...

Osteopontin (OPN) has been shown to have T helper 1 (Th1) cytokine functions in cell-mediated immunity. Deficiency of OPN is linked to a reduced Th1 immune response in autoimmunity, infectious disease, and delayed-type allergy. Dendritic cells (DCs) are central for the induction of T-cell-mediated immunity, when initially flexible DCs are instructed by priming signals and tissue-derived factors...

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cellular adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a cell surface molecule that has been proposed to negatively regulate T cell function. We have shown that CEACAM1 is associated with specific regulation of T helper cell (Th)1 pathways, T-bet-mediated Th1 cytokine signaling, and Th1-mediated immunopathology in vivo. Mice treated with anti-mouse CEACAM1-specific monoclona...

The qualitative features of immune responses are influenced by the polarization of helper T cells towards two distinct phenotypes, Th1 and Th2. Recent evidence suggests that these helper cell subsets may be differentially recruited to the sites of different types of inflammatory reaction.