Despite their genetic similarity to humans, our understanding of the role of genes on cognitive traits in chimpanzees remains virtually unexplored. Here, we examined the relationship between genetic variation in the arginine vasopressin V1a receptor gene (AVPR1A) and social cognition in chimpanzees. Studies have shown that chimpanzees are polymorphic for a deletion in a sequence in the 5' flank...

This paper presents a model for representing context-dependent variation of articulator movements. Our model explains the contextual e ect based on a multidimensional phonemic task and dynamic constraints of movements. The task determines the articulatory target so that invariant features of phoneme articulation are achieved. The dynamic constraints represent smoothly moving behavior of the art...

This study examined whether (a) training and competition influence achievement goals, effort, enjoyment, tension, and performance; (b) achievement goals mediate the effects of training and competition on effort, enjoyment, tension, and performance; and (c) the context influences the relationships between goals and effort, enjoyment, tension, and performance. Participants (32 males, 28 females; ...

Learned categorical perception (CP) effects were assessed using three different measures and two sets of stimuli differing in discriminability, both of which varied on one category-relevant and one category-irrelevant dimension. Two different kinds of analysis produced patterns of results that depended on both of these variables and show that categorical perception effects are sensitive to vari...

This paper examines the prosodic perceptual ability of listeners (n=22) in tasks involving global intonation contours and local voice pitch variation. The signaling of utterance type was tested with speech material that included read and non-scripted questions and statements. Local variation was tested with an identification task where the level of prominence of an anaphor signaled either the s...

A daily diary and two experience sampling studies were carried out to investigate curvilinearity of the within-person relationship between state neuroticism and task performance, as well as the moderating effects of within-person variation in momentary job demands (i.e., work pressure and task complexity). In one, results showed that under high work pressure, the state neuroticism-task performa...

Recent studies of eyewitness memory have observed deleterious effects of producing a verbal description on later identification accuracy of a previously viewed face, an effect termed verbal overshadowing (Schooler & Engstler-Schooler, 1990). The present research investigated whether the phenomenon of verbal overshadowing may be constrained by variation in participants' initial retrieval process...

Intraindividual variability (IIV) refers to reaction time (RT) variation across the trials of a given cognitive task. Little research has contrasted different measures of IIV or assessed how many RT trials are required to provide a robust measure of the construct. We, therefore, investigated three measures of IIV (raw SD, coefficient of variation, and intraindividual SD statistically removing t...

This paper presents reinforcement learning with a Long Short-Term Memory recurrent neural network: RL-LSTM. Model-free RL-LSTM using Advantage( ) learning and directed exploration can solve non-Markovian tasks with long-term dependencies between relevant events. This is demonstrated in a T-maze task, as well as in a di cult variation of the pole balancing task.