There are presently about 130 000 minibus taxis on South Africa’s roads. Currently this industry is not fully regulated. The impact of this on the transport system is immense since 65% of all commuter trips are undertaken by minibus taxis. South Africa's roads are among the most dangerous in the world, with accidents claiming the lives of no fewer than 10 000 people every year a large portion o...

We develop a thermodynamically consistent mixture model for avascular solid tumor growth which takes into account the effects of cell-to-cell adhesion, and taxis inducing chemical and molecular species. The mixture model is well-posed and the governing equations are of Cahn-Hilliard type. When there are only two phases, our asymptotic analysis shows that earlier single-phase models may be recov...

UNLABELLED Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium can cross the epithelial barrier using either the invasion-associated type III secretion system (T3SS-1) or a T3SS-1-independent mechanism that remains poorly characterized. Here we show that flagellum-mediated motility supported a T3SS-1-independent pathway for entering ileal Peyer's patches in the mouse model. Flagellum-dependent invasion of ...

This report addresses the controversy concerning the effectiveness of taxi shields (partitions) by using case study and statistical analysis. It answers questions concerning whether or not shields reduce assaults on taxi drivers and by inference taxi driver homicides. Following a city-wide shield mandate in 1996 case study data show that for the City of Baltimore the percentage of shielded taxi...

Orientation, the spatial organization of animal behavior, is an essential faculty of animals. Bacteria and lower animals such as insects exhibit taxis, innate orientation behavior, directly toward or away from a directional cue. Organisms can also orient themselves at a specific angle relative to the cues. In this study, using Drosophila as a model system, we established a visual orientation co...

The effects of wall color stimuli on diving, and the effects of depth stimuli on scototaxis, were assessed in zebrafish. Three groups of fish were confined to a black, a white, or a transparent tank, and tested for depth preference. Two groups of fish were confined to a deep or a shallow tank, and tested for black-white preference. As predicted, fish preferred the deep half of a split-tank over...

Recent historiography on the growth of periodical publishing has emphasized newspapers and journals as constituents of an emergent communications system in early modern Europe. This system comprised the newspapers, journals and other publications that contributed its content, and also the postal systems that were the principal method of distributing that content. This article describes how the ...

Short title: Gender effects in the avoidance of a moving object in rats