A model neuron with delay line feedback connections can learn a time series generated by another neuron. In the case that both neurons have identical transfer functions, a model neuron (student) is capable of reproducing the instruction sequence generated by another neuron (teacher), but the parameters are not uniquely determined by learning a quasi-periodic time series. A student that has comp...

This article examines three conceptual reforms in US teacher education (competency-based teacher education (CBTE), reflective teacher education (RTE) and constructivist teacher education (CTE)) for their effects on the education of multicultural, multilingual youth, as well as considering alternative certification (AC), known here as an ‘anti-reform’. The author suggests that although each refo...

A trend in agricultural education has been a shortage of graduates from preservice agricultural education programs who choose to enter the teaching profession, thus causing a deficit in the number of qualified teachers to fill vacancies. When examining preservice agricultural education programs, student teaching is often the capstone experience, during which, the student teacher works closely w...

Eric Hanushek and Steven Rivkin examine how salary and working conditions affect the quality of instruction in the classroom. The wages of teachers relative to those of other college graduates have fallen steadily since 1940. Today, average wages differ little, however, between urban and suburban districts. In some metropolitan areas urban districts pay more, while in others, suburban districts...

BACKGROUND Research reveals that explicit reading strategies instruction and engaging students in interaction about texts promote students' reading comprehension ability. The present intervention study combines both aspects. AIMS The study examines the educational benefits of explicit reading strategies instruction, followed by practice in (a) teacher-led whole-class activities (STRAT), (b) r...

Traditional static testing, aimed at measuring the achievement of pre-determined criteria, has been widely used by language teachers for many years. Such tests conventionally reflected students’ misunderstanding of instruction more than their abilities to perform a task. Disillusionment with traditional assessment has led to an examination of alternative assessment procedures that are accurate ...

because of its widespread needs in different scientific fields, statistics and probability theory have gained great importance and medical students as well as students of other medically related disciplines including nursing need to use them especially in their research projects in undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate schools. this article deals with the question of finding the most effecti...

How do infants learn so rapidly and with little apparent effort? In 1996, Saffran, Aslin, and Newport reported that 8-month-old human infants could learn the underlying temporal structure of a stream of speech syllables after only 2 min of passive listening. This demonstration of what was called statistical learning, involving no instruction, reinforcement, or feedback, led to dozens of confirm...

Bandura’s (1986) theory of self-efficacy suggests that efficacy may be most malleable early in learning; therefore, some of the most powerful influences on the development of teachers’ sense of efficacy may be the experience of teaching during field placements and student teaching. Unfortunately, pre-service teachers may not be exposed to good role models for teaching during field placements. T...

For schools to succeed with students who historically have never graduated from high school, teachers will be instructional leaders. The purposes of this qualitative case study were to: (a) assess the instructional leadership of two teachers as collegial group facilitators, and (b) examine teacher mediation e!ects upon this leadership. Jessie, framing her leadership in guiding and supporting te...