Subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) predictions have a wide range of applications. Improving forecasts on this time-scale has therefore become major effort. To evaluate their performance, these are routinely compared to reference that the climatological distribution at any given time. This is commonly assumed be stationary over verification period time-scales longer than seasonal cycle. However, ther...

This study was an analytical research across 84 meteorological stations, performed in the Mighan sub-basin over a fifty-year study period (1961–2011).This research seeks to answer the basic question of how declining streamflow, increasing temperatures, and fluctuation in precipitation have impacted water resource allocation in the Mighan sub-basin. The research method is analytical based on Man...

In this study, SiO2 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via sol-gel precipitation method and the effects of different parameters such as temperature, ethanol, ammonia and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) contents based on water were investigated in a systematic way applying Taguchi experimental design method. It was found that, among all the investigated parameters, ethanol as a co-solven...

New York State (NYS) is a geographically diverse area susceptible to climate change, but trends in climate extreme indicators have not been extensively studied. Our objectives are to describe temporal and spatial trends in various extreme indicators and their sensitivity to climate change and to demonstrate geographic differences in indicator trends in NYS. We analyzed data from the US Historic...

This study highlights the relative importance of internally-generated vs. externally-forced climate trends over the next 50 years (2010-2060) at local and regional scales over North America in two global coupled model ensembles. Both ensembles contain large numbers of integrations (17 and 40), each of which is subject to identical anthropogenic radiative forcing (e.g., greenhouse gas increase) ...