Diethylstilbestrol (DES) was widely used in the past, as the morning after contraception, but its application became extremely limited due to several complications including delayed clear cell adenocarcinoma in female infants. However, the use of DES increased during the past decade for hormone replacement therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate possible teratogenicity of this...

The literature review provides an update on recent advances in antiepileptic pharmacotherapy. article considers the mechanisms of action drugs, range efficacy, side effects and enzyme-inducing properties, potential teratogenicity.
 A revealed some problems patients with epilepsy remaining unresolved to this day. Despite increase number anticonvulsants years, one-third are pharmacoresistant...

Sulfur Mustard (SM) has been used as a chemical warfare agent, in the World War I and more recently during Iraq-Iran war in early 1980s’. Its biological poisoning effect could be local or systemic and its effect depends on environmental conditions, exposed organs, and the extent and duration of exposure. It is considered as a strong alkylating agent with known mutagenic, carcinogenic effects; a...

Count data obtained in developmental toxicity-teratogenicity studies, such as the number of fetal deaths or the number of malformed fetuses per litter, are routinely analyzed by univariate statistical methods. Such methods ignore the dependence among the different outcomes that are measured in the study. Tests of significance based upon the individual outcomes may lead to incorrect conclusions ...

Malachite green has been used as an effective compound to control external fungal and protozoan infections of fish since 1933 but it has never been registered as a veterinary drug for use in food fish because of its potential carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and teratogenicity in mammals. The present paper reviews negative sideeffects of malachite green including its accumulation and persistence i...