surface roughness is a significant parameter which determines the efficiency of optical components. surface damages induced by grinding strongly influence the mechanical strength and optical quality of optical glasses. it is meaningful to rapid evaluate the surface roughness through the measurement of different grinding parameters. in this study, a cup diamond wheel (d64) is used in grinding pr...

the growing demand for enhanced esthetic appearance has led to great developments in bleaching products. the exposure of hard tissues of the tooth to bleaching agents can affect the roughness of the enamel surface. the freshly bleached enamel surface exposed to various surface treatments such as fluoride and other remineralizing agents have been assessed in this study. the aim of this experimen...

This paper covers the estimation of the average yearly production of an appropriate wind turbine for different locations in Iran. The effects of topography, the influence of obstacles such as buildings and shelters, the collective effects of the surrounding terrain, roughness classifications, and orographic elements such as hills, cliffs, etc., all have been included in the calculations. A full...

On the basis of the Manning equation and basic mass conservation principles, we derive an expression for scaling the steadystate width (W) of river channels as a function of discharge (Q), channel slope (S), roughness (n), and width-to-depth ratio (!): W " [!(! # 2)2/3]3/8Q3/8S$3/16n3/8. We propose that channel width-todepth ratio, in addition to roughness, is a function of the material in whic...

Digital elevation models of Antarctic bed topography are smoothed and interpolated onto lowresolution ( > 1 km) grids as current observed topography data are generally sparsely and unevenly sampled. This issue has potential implications for numerical simulations of ice-sheet dynamics, especially in regions prone to instability where detailed knowledge of the topography, including fine-scale rou...

Annual use, utilization, productivity and fuel consumption of three purpose-built and three excavator-based harvesters and processors were monitored for one work year. All machines were owned and operated by private contractors and were representative of the Italian machine fleet. Despite challenging mountain terrain, annual use ranged from 675 to 1525 h per year, and production from 3200 to 27...

High-resolution images of the seabed obtained with the use of hydroacoustic measurements allow a detailed identification of inaccessible seabed areas such as the Hans Glacier foreland in the Hornsund Fjord on Spitsbergen. Analyses presented in the paper were carried out on a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the bay’s seafloor exposed in the process of deglaciation, obtained from bathymetric dat...

This study, consisting of three complimentary topics, examines of the millimeter-wave backscattering behavior of terrain at incidence angles extending between 70 and 90 , corresponding to grazing angles of 20 to 0 . The first topic addresses the character of the statistical variability of the radar backscattering cross section per unit area A. Based on an evaluation of an extensive data set acq...

Daversability Index is introduced in this paper as a new and simple measure for traversabilaty of planetary surfaces by mobile robots. This index is developed using the framework of fuzzy logic, and is expressed by linguistic fuzzy sets that quantify the suitability of the terrain for traverse based on its physical properties, such as slope and roughness. The Ilt.aversability Index is used for ...