Transposable elements (transposons or TEs), which are capable of transferring segments of DNA (or of being transferred) from one site to another within a genome, are abundant in eukaryotic genomes. The highly repetitive, largely noncoding sequence that is prevalent in eukaryotic genomes consists largely of TEs. TEs make up nearly half of the human genome (Lander et al., 2001) and an estimated 5...

BACKGROUND Patients with nephrotic syndrome are at an increased risk of thromboembolic events (TEs). However, this association has not been thoroughly investigated in adult patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). METHODS A retrospective analysis of all 101 consecutive adult patients with MN diagnosed at our centre during 1995 to 2008 was performed. Pertinent data including thro...

A new construction of block cipher based tweakable enciphering schemes (TES) is described. The major improvement over existing TES is that the construction uses only the encryption function of the underlying block cipher. Consequently, this leads to substantial savings in the size of hardware implementation of TES applications such as disk encryption. This improvement is achieved without loss i...

Stabilization of transposable element (TE) copy number involves the biosynthesis of short silencing RNAs (siRNAs) and further initialization of siRNA-mediated TE silencing. To gain insight into the relationship between the biosynthesis of siRNAs and their source TEs, we examined the co-evolutionary dynamics and expression of these two entities by characterizing the siRNA distribution across the...

STUDY DESIGN A prospective, nonrandomized cohort study. OBJECTIVE To describe a technique quantifying movement induced by transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) induced movement in relation to the positioning of electrodes during spinal deformity surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA TES induced movement may cause injuries and delay surgical procedures. When TES movements are evoked, muscl...

Very large genomes, that is, those above 20 Gb, are rare but widely distributed throughout the eukaryotes. They are found within the diatoms, dinoflagellates, metazoans and green plants, but so far have not been found in the excavates. There is a known positive correlation between genome size and the proportion of the genome composed of transposable elements (TEs). Very large genomes may theref...

To illuminate the action of non-invasive stimuli on the human cerebral cortex, responses of corticospinal axons and of plantar alpha-motor neurons following transcranial magnetic (TMS) and electrical stimulation (TES) were recorded in the lumbosacral cord in the anaesthetized macaque monkey. A round coil was used for TMS, and the anode was located at the vertex for TES. The responses of 175 ide...

The Aura satellite Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) instrument is capable of measuring the HDO/H2O ratio in the lower troposphere using thermal infrared radiances between 1200 and 1350 cm−1. However, direct validation of these measurements is challenging due to a lack of in situ measured vertical profiles of the HDO/H2O ratio that are spatially and temporally co-located with the TES obs...

36 37 Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) is a promising therapeutic tool for a range of 38 neurological diseases. Understanding how the small currents used in tES spread across the scalp 39 and penetrate the brain will be important for the rational design of tES therapies. 40 41 Alternating currents applied transcranially above visual cortex induce the perception of flashes 42 of light (...