To evaluate the importance of the timing of an application of a chemosterilant, we measured the effect of Ornitrol on testis size and maturation of sperm cells at different time periods during testis growth and in two different breeding seasons. Indoor experiments showed that Ornitrol did not affect testes nor sperm cells when applied at the onset of testes growth. but did have an effect when a...

The development of testes occurs in the abdomen during fetal life, after which they migrate into the scrotal sacs during the third trimester. During their descent, they may get arrested anywhere along the tract. Risk of testicular cancer is higher in patients with undescended testes, abdominal testis being more prone than inguinal. Seminoma is the commonest cancer in undescended testis. However...

Delayed diagnosis of undescended testes is a major problem. A retrospective review of 298 testes units was performed to assess the age at referral, age at operation, complications and final outcome. The mean age at referral was 57 months. Only 24% of cases were operated below 2 years. A similar pattern of delayed orchidopexy has been reported by many other centres. As orchidopexy is recommended...

In an article published 25 years ago in the first volume of the Journal of Andrology (Bartke et al, 1980), we reported evidence of involvement of prolactin (PRL) in the control of testicular growth in the golden hamster. In this seasonally breeding species, testes undergo regression in the fall and recover their size and activity the following spring. PRL-secreting transplants of anterior pitui...

Polyorchidism is a rare anomaly where early segmentation in the gonadal ridge can lead to the development of three or less commonly four testes in one individual. Just over 150 reports of this phenomenon exist in English medical literature. However, once confronted by the clinical finding of supernumerary gonads, one must remain mindful of other likely diagnoses involving nontesticular origin. ...

Kifayatulla, a Mohammedan male child aged 4 years, was admitted to the hospital on 28th February, 1947, with the history of swelling on the left scrotum?the swelling being noticed in the inguinal region since early infancy, later on increasing in size. The parents also stated that the child had been suffering from discomfort and occasional pain in the lower abdominal region. On examination, the...

The aim of the present study was stereological evaluation of testes of azoospermic animal model using busulfan in rat. Three groups of male adult rats were used in this study. The first group was injected by single dose of busulfan (10 mg kg-1) and their testes were removed on day 35 post injection. The second group received double doses of busulfan with 21 days interval and their te...

Objective Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a white pigment which is used in paints, plastics, etc. It is reported to induce ‎oxidative stress and DNA damage. The N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was used to fight oxidative stress-induced ‎damage in various tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of TiO2 nanoparticles by oral ‎administration and the protective role of NAC on testes of a...

BACKGROUND Polyorchidism or supernumerary testis means more than two testes. It is very rare and to the best of our knowledge, there have been only about 200 cases reported. CASE REPORT In this case report we want to present radiological features and assessment of a patient with four testicles. CONCLUSIONS If the vascularity and echogenicity of the scrotal mass is similar with the normal te...

Systems which produce large amount of output are very difficult to teste due to the expense of checking whether the outputs are correct or not. In other words, there is no simple oracle that can establish the acceptance of the outputs. For such systems, one plausible alternative is to use a second implementation as an automated oracle. The automated oracle is then run with the test cases applie...