The Stagonospora nodorum-wheat interaction involves multiple pathogen-produced necrotrophic effectors that interact directly or indirectly with specific host gene products to induce the disease Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB). Here, we used a tetraploid wheat mapping population to identify and characterize a sixth effector-host gene interaction in the wheat-S. nodorum system. Initial characte...

The aim of the study was to document wheat landraces that were and and Dandi districts, West Shewa, Ethiopia; and to investigate the extent of genetic loss and its causes. Survey was carried out in three Peasant Associations of Ambo District and four Peasant Associations of Dandi District from 2007 to 2008. Three to five farmers’ group per Peasant Association containing 5 to 12 individual farme...

A limiting factor in the biochemical quantitation of DNA and other nuclear constituents has been the inaccuracy of the enumeration of nuclei. The hemocytometer method has been accepted as a primary standard for counting nuclei and permits the use of morphologic detail as a means of control [S, 10, 17, 18, 21, 221. However, predictable errors in the hemocytometer method resulting from the Poisso...

In this study, a new chromosome number for Iranian yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) accessions was reported. Cytological analyses on four Achillea millefolium accessions, indicated that two accessions were diploids (2n=2x=18) and two tetraploids (2n=4x=36). Cluster analysis based on chromosomal characteristics and karyotype asymmetry, categorized the four accessions separated into two groups. I...

Due to increased levels of heterozygosity, polyploids are expected to have a greater ability to adapt to different environments than their diploid ancestors. While this theoretical pattern has been suggested repeatedly, studies comparing adaptability to changing conditions in diploids and polyploids are rare. The aim of the study was to determine the importance of environmental conditions of or...

Four replicates of each of 16 grasses, herbs and legumes were sown on a thoroughbred stud and a deer farm in the Waikato. Grazing stock (horses, deer or calves) were introduced to the plots and their preferences recorded using 4 automatic winding, infrared, remote-triggering cameras, mounted on poles 3 m high. Distinct differences in preferences were identified among horses, deer and calves. ‘G...

Acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage (ALAL) is a rare subtype of acute leukemias that does not show any clear evidence of differentiation along a single lineage [1]. Although both numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities are commonly associated with acute and chronic hematologic malignancies, near-tetraploidy has been reported rarely (1.2% of AML cases) [2, 3]. Adult AML patients with ...

Aromatic amino acid hydroxylase (AAAH) genes and insulin-like genes form part of an extensive paralogy region shared by human chromosomes 11 and 12, thought to have arisen by tetraploidy in early vertebrate evolution. Cloning of a complementary DNA (cDNA) for an amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae) hydroxylase gene (AmphiPAH) allowed us to investigate the ancestry of the human chromosome 11/12 pa...