Lip contour detection and tracking is the most important pre-requisite for computerized speech reading. Several approaches have been proposed for lip tracking after lip contour is accurately initialized on first frame. Detection and tracking of the lip contour is an issue in speech reading. A relatively large class of lip reading algorithms are available based on lip contour analysis. In these ...

In this paper, the plates made of functionally graded material (FGM) with and without a crack are numerically simulated, employing the finite element method (FEM). The material property variations are defined to be fully continuous; therefore, the elements can be as small as required. For this purpose, variations of the material properties are applied in both the integration points and in the n...

We investigated the applicability of the Gestalt principle of perceptual grouping by proximity in the haptic modality. To do so, we investigated the influence of element proximity on haptic contour detection. In the course of four sessions ten participants performed a haptic contour detection task in which they freely explored a haptic random dot display that contained a contour in 50% of the t...

Automatic image segmentation is a fundamental and challenging work in image analysis. We present a stochastic contour approach that draws the contour by multiple agents stochastically, each driven by a simple policy. A contour confidence map is formed, and the image is partitioned hierarchically according to the probability of being surrounded by an average contour. The segmentation is formed b...

A variety of mechanisms have been proposed to explain illusory contour formation. However, since prior studies have focused on a single mechanism, there is no clear consensus regarding contour formation mechanisms. Here we developed a novel vivid dynamic display we call the chomping pacman that allows measurement of minute differences in contour clarity. This illusion is shown to be more vivid ...