This article introduces interior and closure operators with inclusion degree considered within a crisp or fuzzy topological framework. First, inclusion degree is introduced in an extension of the interior and closure operators in crisp topology. This idea is then introduced in fuzzy topology by incorporating a relaxed version of fuzzy subsethood. The introduction of inclusion degree leads to a ...

Context. Data from ground-based, high-resolution solar telescopes can only be used for science with calibrations and processing, which requires detailed knowledge about the instrumentation. Space-based provide science-ready data, are easier to work researchers whose expertise is in interpretation of data. Recently, data-processing pipelines ground-based instruments have been constructed. Aims. ...

The deserts of the world are hottest places, very less rainfall, almost clear skies throughout the year. These deserts receive highest direct normal irradiance which is most suitable for concentrating solar power plants. With the technological developments and their innovations in concentrating solar power, thermal storage and hybridization/ back up, the sunniest countries expects that CSP shou...

We use a combination of three techniques for the speciication of processes, data and time: CSP, Object-Z and Duration Calculus. Whereas the combination of CSP and Object-Z is well established by the work of C. Fischer 2, 3], the integration with Duration Calculus is new. The combination is used to specify parts of a novel case study on radio controlled railway crossings.

In this paper we focus on linear fuzzy programming problems. The linear fuzzy programming problems will contain fuzzy constraints with a crisp objective function, crisp constraints with a fuzzy objective function, or fuzzy constraints with a fuzzy objective function. We propose here optimizing fuzzy constraints and objectives that consist of a triplet and are much like triangular fuzzy numbers,...

AX B In the paper, a class of fuzzy matrix equations    B where A is an m × n crisp matrix and is an m × p arbitrary LR fuzzy numbers matrix, is investigated. We convert the fuzzy matrix equation into two crisp matrix equations. Then the fuzzy approximate solution of the fuzzy matrix equation is obtained by solving two crisp matrix equations. The existence condition of the strong LR fuzzy s...

using the gaussian 2003 software and mp2 /6 – 311+ g method for the c2h4 : o2, co:cl2 andco2:co2 pairs and mp2/6-311++g** method for the co2:h2o pair and b3lyp/6-31g methodfor the o2:o2 pair the optimized interaction energies between two considered pair molecules ofstudied gases(c2h4:o2, co:cl2, co2:h2o, o2:o2 and co2:co2 pairs) as a function of thedistances between the centers of two considere...

Since the world is full of indeterminacy, the neutrosophics found their place into contemporary research. The fundamental concepts of neutrosophic set, introduced by Smarandache in [30, 31, 32] and Salama et al. in [4-29]. In Geographical information systems (GIS) there is a need to model spatial regions with indeterminate boundary and under indeterminacy. In this paper the structure of some cl...

This paper presents a novel type-2 Fuzzy logic System to define the Shape of a facial component with the crisp output. The Fuzzy model, designed in this paper, takes crisp value of width and height of a facial component and produces the crisp value of Shape for different facial components. The Fuzzy model is designed using Matlab 6.5 and Visual Basic 6.0 and tested with the facial components ex...

We describe the use of weighted linked pyramids for soft region segmentation of colour images. In many digital images definitive region boundaries can not be determined, casting doubt on the reasonableness of a conventional crisp segmentation. We propose that soft segmentation gives a more natural region segmentation of digital images than conventional crisp segmentation. Weighted linked pyrami...