Two different types of chattel slavery, those permitted by the Christian and Islamic religions, were introduced into Africa but only the Christian slave trade to the Americas has been studied by archaeologists. The much longer duration (over 1000 years) of the Islamic slave trade to Asia and of the Dar el Islam in North and East Africa is at present known only from literary and eyewitness accou...

The religion of Islam is based on a sacred text called Qur’an, a divine speech expressed in Arabic language. Qur’an constitutes the main root of Islam jurisprudence which has a second source of inspiration known as Hadiths. As the Muslim’s life is governed by those holy texts, need of their authenticity is required. Using VSM (Vector Space Model), we can represent Hadiths as a vector of words. ...

Since September 11, 2001, Muslims have been stereotyped and the message and image of Islam have been tarnished. Self-proclaimed leaders have given new and twisted meanings to the message of Islam. Explanations of complex issues have been reduced to sound bites on television. No issue has been in this regard more profaned than jihad, a sacred term for Muslims, There is no dearth of explanations ...

The religion of Islam is based on a sacred text called Qur‟an, a divine speech expressed in Arabic language. Qur‟an constitutes the main root of Islam jurisprudence which has a second source of inspiration known as Hadiths. As the Muslim‟s life is governed by those holy texts, need of their authenticity is required. Using VSM (Vector Space Model), we can represent Hadiths as a vector of words. ...

Culturalists claim that political outcomes, such as respect for human rights, are deeply rooted in culture. Some have singled out Islam as particularly problematic. We assess whether Muslim societies suffer higher levels of political terror compared with others. Our results show that countries containing larger shares of Catholics, and those dominated by Catholics, fare the worst. The share of ...

This paper examines the issue of gender equality within Islam in order to develop an ethical framework for businesses operating in Muslim majority countries. We pay attention to the role of women and seemingly inconsistent expectations of Islamic and western societies with regard to appropriate gender roles. In particular, we contrast a mainstream western liberal individualist view of freedom a...

This paper investigates how medieval Islam encouraged scienti…c innovation. By granting non-Muslims a degree of religious freedom, Muslim law created competition between religions for converts and social standing. Institutionalized tolerance, coupled with initial disadvantages in the number of adherents and sophistication of theological scholarship, encouraged Muslim religious elites to promote...

1. Among the many different star-like motifs used in the geometrical art of Islam, there is one which stands out as distinctively "Islamic" (see fig. 1). We shall call this motif a geometric rosette, since it resembles a flower or rosette, with an outer ring formed by a variable number of "petals" encircling a central star. One possible interpretation of the formal, if not historical, origin of...

Patient-centred system of care is essential in managing many disorders such as diabetes mellitus. The cultural and religious context can influence the involvement of patients and their families in such a care. We intend to discuss patient-centred care in diabetology in view of Islam. For more clarification, we will take into consideration a few illustrative lines of argument in detail about sit...

this article draws attention to the ways in which anita amirrezvani’s the blood of flowers (2007), a historical novel set in 17th-century iran, can be placed within the neo-orientalist discourse which informs many of the post-9/11 memoirs and novels set in contemporary iran by women of the iranian diaspora in the united states. besides being a novel on islam and islamic rule—which makes it much...