Introduction: Working length determination is important in successful endodontic treatment and retreatment.This study evaluated the accuracy of two electronic apex locators Root ZX and Raypex®6 (EALs) in determining the electronic working length (EWL) of the root canals in endodontic treatment and retreatment. Materials and Methods: Access cavities were prepared on forty extracted, singl...

there is no functional annotation for the majority of the several hundreds of receptor-like kinases in plants. a direct way of inferring the function of these proteins is to study the phenotype that results from loss of function mutants such as t-dna mutant lines. in this research a function (phenotype) to at2g37050 gene that encodes a receptor like kinase in arabidopsis t-dna line was assigned...

the use of heavy machinery in forestry operations such as logging has increased worldwide during the last decades. however, these machines may seriously influence the soil ecosystem as they induce rutting, disturbing the upper soil layers, and soil compaction. severe compaction of soil adversely affects the growth of plants.this study was done by using a penetration resistance experiment in a g...

background: knowledge about root canal morphology and its frequent variations can exert considerable influence on the success of endodontic treatment. the aim of this study was to survey the root canal morphology of mandibular first premolar teeth in a gujarati population by decalcification and clearing technique.     methods: one hundred thirty eight extracted mandibular first premolar teeth w...

in order to determine the effect of different irrigation intervals on some morphophysiological traits of basil (ocimum basilicum l.), an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications under greenhouse conditions during 2010. treatments included five irrigation intervals with 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 days intervals and two ecotypes of basil (gr...

ficus benjamina l. is indoor plant in temperate areas that is a tree species belongs to moraceae family. propagation of this plant is down by vegetative method. this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of iba concentration and time of taking cutting on propagation of ficus benjamina via stenting technique in gorgan university of agricultural sciences and natural resources, in 2012. treat...

organic compost can reduce various plant stresses, because of its porous structure, high water storage capacity, and existence of some substances resembling hormones and plant growth regulators. this study was performed to investigate interactions of different levels of vermicompost extract and salinity stress on morphological characteristics of bean seedlings. the experiment was conducted in c...